MULE DEER. 95 MULHAUSEN. normally 10 points. The stern bears a yellowish- white disk, ami the tail is of minlerate length, round, and black at the end. The hide of this species made the best buckskin known to the Indians, and was most used by them for clothing. Its value was soon learned by the pioneers in the West: and from about ISliO to 1870 this deer was pursued so ruthlessly by hide-hunters that about 250,000 skins were sent annually to England alone, for several years. The venison also is of superior quality, and the liaunt.s and habits of the animal, his craft and speed, make him the most interesting to the sportsmen of all the American deer. The fawns are often domesticated, and the adults thrive well in jiarks. and are to be seen in every zoological garden in the world. Consult: Caton, Antelope and Deer of America (Xew York, 1877); JIayer (ed. ), Sport icith Viin and Hod (New York', 1892) ; Ledekker, Deer of AH Lands (London, 1808): Van Dyke, in Roosevelt's The Deer Family (New Y'ork, 1002) ; and the writ- ings of travelers and sportsmen in the Western United States. See Plate of Deer of North America. MULE-KILLER. A local name in the South- ern States tor several species of insects and land arthropods, such as the mantis, pirate bug, and whip-tailed scorpion (qq.v.). MULEY-HASSAN, moo'la hiis'san, Sidi ( 1831-94 ) . Sultan of ilorocco. He succeeded his father. Sidi iluley-Jlohanimed. in 1873. He was energetic and warlike, and s|)ent the greater part of his reign in the field, enforcing his authority .over the unruly Berber tribes, or extending' the boundaries of tlio Empire in the direction of the Sahara. In 1880 reports of shocking cruelties committed on the .Jews in his dominion led to the calling of an international conference at Madrid, which drew up a protoecd decreeing lib- erty of conscience in ^Morocco, a decision to which the Sultan acceded, but which he altogether ignored. MUL'FORD, Elisii. (1833-85). An Ameri- can Protestant Episcopal clerg^'man and philo- sophical writer, boni in Jlontrose. Pa. He gradu- ated at Yale in 1855, and studied for the ministry in the Union Theological Seminary, at . dover, and later at Halle and Heidelberg in Germany. A part of his career was spent in ministerial work in various charges, but from 1864 to 1877 he lived in his native town without parochial charge and engaged in study. Among his publi- cations are: The Xation, the Foundations: of Civil Order and Political Life in the Ignited States (1870) : and The Republic of God: An In- stitute of Thcoloiiy (1881). In 1881 he settled in Cambridge. !Mass.. and lectured in the Episcopal Theological School there until his death. MUL'GRAVE, Coxst.xtixe .Toiin Phipps, second l'.aron 11744-02). A British .rctic ex- plorer. Entering the navy at an early age, he served in the reduction of JIartinique and of Havana, and in 1705 was made post-captain. In 1708 he entered the Commons for Lincoln, and became known as one of the "King's friends' and an opposer of the jiopular cause. Five years later he was commanding the Racehorse, which with the Crirenss attemjited the discovery of a northern route to India, but was blocked by ice af Spitzbergen. On his return he again entered active service and in the naval operations against the Frencii oil' Ushaiit (1778) remlcrcd conspi(ai- ous service. He published an account of his Arctic vovage in A ^'vyage Toward the North I'ole (1774). MUL'HALL, Michael George (1836-1900).
distinguirthed statistician, born in Dulilin, Ire-
land, September 29, 18.'J6. He was reared at the Irish College in Konie. In 1858 he emigrated to Buenos Ayres, where he established, three years later, the Utandard, said to be the first daily newspaper printed in English in South America. Tliis daring and successful enterprise Mulhall kept going till 1894. Returning to England in 1878, he gave his attention to statistics. In 1884 he was elected to the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Besides numer- ous contributions to the Contemporary Review, his works include: a Handbook of the River Plata (1869), the first English book published in Argentina; Rio Grande do fiul and Its German Colonies (1873) ; The English in Houth America ( 1878) . In 1880 Mulhall, who had for some time been gathering materials on his favorite subjects nf statistics, brought out his Progress of the World in Arts, Agriculture, Commerce. Manufac- ture, Insitruction, Railways, and Public Wealth, since the beginning of the ninctcentli century. This was followed by other highly valued works on statistics: History of Prices (1885) ; Indus- tries and Wealth of Xations (1806) : and a Dic- tionary of fitatistics (1892; 4th ed. 1890). Mul- hall died December 13, 1900, in Dublin. — His wife, Mrs. JIarion Mulhall, is the author of Between the Amazon and the Andes (1883), and several essays, including the Celtic fiourees of Dante's Divine Comedy. For this last monograph she was honored by a chair in the Arcadia of Rome. MULHAUSEN. mul'hou-zcn. The second largest city of Alsace-Lorraine. Germany, situ- ated on the 111 and the Rhine-Rhone Canal. 67 miles by rail south-southwest of Strassburg (Map: Germany, B 5). It is divided into the old town, built on an island of the 111. the new town, between the old towTi and the canal, and the workingmen's colony (cit6 ouvriere) in the northwest. The old town is ir- regularly built, and with the exception of the Rathatis, dating from the sixteenth century, and a few modern churches, has few noteworthy build- ings. The new town was laid out in the middle of the nineteenth century and has a fine post- olfice, and a museum established by the Indus- trial Society. The society is housed in a fine Iniildiiig with natural histiu'v collections and a library. The workingmen's colony, established in 1853 by JI;iyor Dollfus. is provided with model dwellings and with reading rooms, schools, res- taurants, baths, and other institutions belonging to a modern town. The educational institutions of Miilhausen include a gymnasium and a num- ber of technical schools. It is the most im- portant industrial city of Alsace-Lorraine and one of the largest textile centres of the Empire. This industry of Miilhausen dates from the middle of the eighteenth century, and the cotton mills are situated partly in tlip city and partly in the vicinity and especially in the adjacent set- tlement of Dornach. Over 80.000 persons are said to be engaged in the textile mills and in other
