Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/133

MXJLLER. 103 MTJLLIGAN LETTERS. MtJLLER, Wexzel (1767-1835). An Austrian C(mi)>u>i'r. Ijuiii at Tyniau, Moravia. He was a pupil of DitttrsUorf, anil from 1813 was kapell- uicister at the Leopoldstadt Theater, Vienna. He wrote more than two huniired o[)eras, be.sides symphonies, cantatas, and masses. His com- positions include: Jtas lerfehlte liendczvou.t (1783); Das nciie tsonnlagsKleid (1703); Die Schiiistrrn von Pray (1704) : and Asmodi oder dns hiisc W'eib utid der iS'aYoii ( 1834) . MiJIXER, WiLiiELM ( 1704-1827 ) . A German poet, excellinf; in popuhir and political songs that attracted great composers, notaldy Schubert, and also inlluencod Heine's lyric development. Miil- ler. who was born in IJessau. October 7, 1794, studied pliilology and history, fought in the War of Liberation, visited Italy (1817-10). was made professor in the rielehrtenschnle at Dessau ( 1819). and ducal lilirarian there. He died in Dessau, September 30. 1827. His poems, publislied uniler the titles MiUlerlifder (1818); Oedichte eines Valdhornisten (1821); Licder dcr Griechen 1821-24) ; Licder des Lebens mid der Liebe I 1824) : Li/rische Reisen (1827), were collected with other ^yorJx■s by Schwab in five volumes (1830). A new edition by Miiller's son, the Orientalist, Max Miiller, appeared in 1808; the Poenm were published in one volume (1874). MTTL'LER, Vilu.si John (1812-4.5). An English landscape and figure painter, born at Bristol. He studied with .James Pyne. land- scape painter, and in 1833 exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, the "Destruction of Old London Bridge, Morning." He spent seven months traveling in Germany. Switzerland, and Italy, and in 1838 he visited Greece and Egypt. In 1841 he published his "Picturesiiue Sketches of the Age of Francis I,." and joined the Govern- ment expedition to Lycia, the results of which were paintings of Oriental life and scenery, five of which were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 184.5. Among these are '"Tiie Tent." "Xanthus." the "Burial-Ground at Smyrna." and "Head of a Cingari." In the National tiallerj' are some fine Welsh landscapes, and a clever Lycian sketch, both in oil, and in the South Kensington Mu- seum are several water-color drawings. Muller died at Bristol. His art was original, his selec- tions were good, his color was pure and strong. MtJLLER, mu'lOr. Wolfgang (called Muller y von Kiinigswinter) (1816-73). A German poet and novelist, born at Kiinigswinter on the Rhine. He .studied medicine at Bonn, and practiced at Diisseldorf. but afterwards removed to Cologne, and gradually gave up medicine to devote himself to literature. Jliiller's poetry finds its material in the Rhine, its beauty, its legends, and the life of its people. The more important of his books are : Oedichte (1847; 3d ed. 1868) ; Der Uattenfiiniier ton Haiilct Ooar (1856); Liederbucli (1857; 4th ed. 1871); Lnrclei, an epic cycle (1851: 4th ed. 1873) ; KrzrihJiiiifjen eines rheinischcn Chronisten (1860-61) : and Jm Riltersaol (1874). His best- known poem is "Mein Herz ist am Rhein." Six voluiiu-i of his selected poems were i)ublished tin- der the title Dichtunqcn eines rheinischen Pncten M 87 1-76). Consult Joesten, Wolfgang Miiller (Cnlosme. 1805). MtJXLER - GITTTENBRUIOJ", gu't>-n-bryn. Adam i ls.52 — ». An Austri.tn author, born at Guttenbrunn. and eihicated at Hermannstadt and Vienna. In 1879 he removed to Vienna from Linz. His first success was Des liauses Four- chumbault Knde (1880), supplementing Augier's drama Les Fourclmmbault. Tliis was followed by /m lianne der Pflicht (1882), the comedy Hchuuspielerei (with Laube, 1883), and Irma ( 1885). Among his novels and stories, which for the greater part apjieared serially, the best- known are: Fruu Durnrijschen (1884; 3d ed. ISOl) ; (Irscheitcrtc Liebe (1889) ; and Die Ma- yyarin (1806). MULLET (OF., Fr. mulct, diminutive of mulle, from Lat. niullus. red mullet). Any one of a variety of useful fishes, principally of the family Mugilida-. In this family the bodj' is nearly cylindrical, with large scales and two widely separated dorsal fins, the first with four stitr spines. The inoutli is small. The best- known mullets l)elong to the genus jMugil. of which there are many species found in all warm waters. The common or "striped' mullet (Mugil crphaius) is the largest (10 to 12 pounds) and best of all. It occurs on both coasts of America, and also in Europe. It often ascends rivers, and searches for soft or fat substances for food, frequently obtained by thru.sting its mouth into the mud. It is easily reared in ponds, readily answers the call which usuall.v summons it to be fed, and was in gieat request among the ancients. Mullets are used fresh, salted, and .smoke-dried. A preparation of their roe, called 'botarcha.' is in great esteem as a condiment in Italy and the south of France. The.y are often caught in the Me<literranean by angling from a rock, with a bait paste, when they have been previously at- tracted to the spot by macaroni thrown into the water. The white or 'bluebaek' mullet [Mugil curema) is found on both shores of America, and is of importance as a food fish. An abundant species about the Florida Keys is the "fantail' mullet (Mugil trirhodon) . Mullets are very numerous in surface-swimming shoals in the lagooiLs of the Gulf Coast in late winter and spring, and are captured generally by means of casting nets. Among the fishermen of Spanish America, mullets are called 'liza.' 'lizita,' and 'macho,' with descriptive adjectives for the vari- ous species. The name is also given in the Western and Southern United States to various suckers of the genus Moxostoma. Consult Goode, Fishery In- dustries, sec. i. (Washington, 1884). See Plate of Mlt,let.s and Allies. MULLET (OF. molelte. mollette, Fr. niolletle, rowel, from Lat. mola. millstone). In heraldry, a cliarge in the form of a star, generally with five points, intended to represent a spur-rowel. See C.DENCT. MULLIGAN LETTERS. A series of letters written liy -James (i. Blaine (q.v.) to Warren Fisher, a business associate, which, it was al- leged, proved corrupt connection, on the part of Blaine, with legislation in Congress favoring the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad and the Northern Pacific Railroad. The letters were ob- tained from Fisher by one .James Mulligan, a former clerk of Fisher, who had been called to Washington to testify before a committee of the House of Representatives appointed to investi- gate the charges a;;ain-^t Blninc Blaine olitained the letters from Mulligan, and on .June 5. 1876. read them before the House, after defying the committee to compel him to surrender them. The