Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/136

MULTIPLICATION. 106 MUNCH. type, Laumly's ( ISjO) contains the quarter squares of all numbers up to 100,000. Blater's (Nienna, 1887), complete to 200,000. is regarded as the best. See Calculating Machines. MULVA'NEY. A character in Rudyard Kip- linj;* ■SiiMicrs Tliree" in I'ttihi Tulm from the mils (1888). The trio are Terence itulvaney, the Irishman, Learoyd, from Yorkshire, and Or- Ihcri'i. the Cockney. MUM. See Beer. MUM^BO JUM'BO. A stranj,'e bugbear de- scribed by Mviniid Park as common to the Man- dingo towns of Africa, and used to discipline <luarrclsome wives of the natives. The person a.ssuniing the character is clothed in a suit made of bark. After various rites the offender is seized by Mumbo Jumbo, stripped, tied, and vhipiied with his rod. The name is used in a wider sense of negro idols and fetishes. MUM'MICHOG (Xorth American Indian name). A small minnow-like fish of sluggish tidal streams of the Kastern United States. See KlI.LIFISII. MUM'MIUS, Lucus (c.185-130 B.C.). A KoiiKiM lomiiuinder of plebeian birth. In B.C. 146 he was elected consul and placed in command of the war against the Achiean League. The first battle was decisive. It was fought near Corinth and resulted in the complete defeat of tlic <;n'cian allies. The cities of Corinth. ThelH's. and Chal- cis were plundered and then destroyed by the Roman troops. As trophies of his victory, Jlum- mius caused many of the most valuable works of art to be sent to Rome. The surname of Achai- cus was given to Mummins. and a triumph was decreed. Cicero speaks of Mummius as a blunt and plain but honest man, and says that, of all his enormous plunder, none was reserved for his own use. In 141 he was agjiin elected consul. Nothing certain is known about his later life or his death, some writers saying that he died in exile at Delos, and others that his death occurred in Home, and that his daughter received a dowry from llii- SrTintf. MUMMY-CASE. In undent Egjptian em- balming, the case inniiediately surrounding the shrouded mummy. It was in the outlines of a human body and was made to fit the corpse. There were usually two mummy-eases for each mummy. The inner one was plain, while the outer one was covered with ])aintings anil hiero- glyphs, recounting the life and deeds of thi' dead. The material was isually cedar. The double case was inclosed in an oblong collin. and this in its turn in a snrcopliagus. See Ecvpt. section on Manners and Customs: Embalming; Sarcoph- AGIS. MUMPS (from Dutch mompcn. to cheat, from viomiiun. to mumble). The. A popular nauu- of a specific inllammatiim of the salivary glands de- scrilied by nosologists as ;«iro/iVi.s. It is an in- fectious, contagious disease, occurring a.s a rule in epidemics, although isolated cases are often seen. While it chietly attacks children and adolescents, adults are not exempt. The disorder usually ))egins with a feeling of stillness about the jaws, which is followed by pains, heat, and swelling beneath the ear. The swellinj; begins in the parotid, hut the other Balivnry iilands usually soon iM-come implicated, SO that the swelling extends along the neck to- ward the chin. One or both sides may be aflected, and, in general, the disease api)ears first on one side and then on the other. There is seldom much fever. The inllammation is usually at its highest point in tliree or four days, after which it begins to decline, suppuration of the glands scarcely ever occurring. In most cases no treatment further than due attention to the bowels, and protection of the parts from cold, by the ap])lication of llatniel or of cotton, is required, and the pa- tient completely recovers ill eight or ten days. A singular circumstance connected with the disease is that in many cases the subsidence of the swelling is immediately followed by swelling and pain in the testes in the male sex. and in the miiinmw in the female. The inllauunatiou in these glands is seldom very painful or long con- tinued, but occasionally the inflammation is tr.ansferred to the brain, when a comparatively trilling disorder is converted into a most perilous disease. MUN, me.v, Adriex Albert ^Iarie. Count de (1841 — ). A French politician and author, lead- er of the Catiiolic AiitiRepublican Party. He was born at Lumigny, studied at Saint Cyr. and fought in the Franco-Prussian War and against the Commune. Save for an interval (187'.>-81) he was a member of the House of Deputies from 1870 until 1803. Through his infiuence the power of the French clergy was thrown to the Bou- langists. In 1802 he founded the league of the 'Sacre Cieur' and on the Pojie's instructions prom- ised to work with the Republic for refonu if the Government would give up its atheism. Mun took a prominent part in the Dreyfus trial, forc- ing Billot, Jlinister of War, to concur in the judgment of the court. The Frencli Academy elected him to its membership in 1807 to suc- ceed .lules Simon. MUN, Tiio.MAS (1.571-1041). An English mer- chant and economic writer, born in London. As a young man he was engaged in the Mediter- ranean trade, and in 1015 was appointed ineni- l>er of the committee, or director, of the East Indiiv Company. In 1621 he published A. Dis- course of Trade, from En<jtiind into the East Indies, in which he ilefended the East India Company against the charge that it drained Eng- land of bullion. His most important book, KnuUmd's Treasure hi/ Foreign Tnidi: was pub- lished after his death in 1()G4. This work is the ablest of the writings of the mercantilists, and exerciserl great influence o^er the eeonomii' and political thought of the time, efleetually refuting the Bullionist view, that only such foreign trade as yielded a direct balance of bullion was ad- vantageous to the realm. MUN'BY, Artui'r .Ioseph (1828—). An EM;.'lish |Hjet, born in Yorkshire. He graduated from Trinity College. Cambridge, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. I <(•.«(■.? yew and t)ld ( 186.5) contained "Doris," a lovely pastoral. Dorothi/ I ISSO). a country story in elegiac verse, was immensely po]iular in England ami the T'nited States. Since then have appeared Vulfiar Verses (1891), written in dialect: and f>usnn: A Poem of Defrrces (1803). Munhy defended his realism in an appendix to Porntlni. MUNCH. mfiiiK. Peter Andreas (1810-03). . Seandinavian historian. He was born at Chri-iliania. Norway, and educate<I at the T'lii- ver-iity of Christiania. He became professor of