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MTJRAT. 137 MUKATORIAN FRAGMENT. witlidrpw to Naples and entered into private coiiiiimnic-ations with Napoleon at Ellja. Un tlie Kniperoi's retuiu to France, Murat placed liini- selt' at the head of an arinj' of 40,0(10 men and conmieneed a war against Austria. He Avas de- feated by the Austrians at Tolentino, May 2d-3d. Naples was evacuated Jlay l!)th, and Mvirat tied to the island of Ischia, and finally found his way to France, while his wife and eliildren took refuge with the British fleet. Napoleon declined to treat with his hrother-in- law on any terms and forbade his presence in Paris. ;Murat then found a refuge near London, and after Waterloo he lied to Corsica. Declining Metternieh's offer of an asylum in Austria, he proi-eedcd in a foolhardy manner with a few followers to the coast of Naples and proclaimed himself King and liberator, but was presently taken prisoner, and after trial by a court- martial, was shot in a hall of the Castle of Pizzo. October 1.3, 1815. Consult: Helfert. Joachim Murat, seine letzten Kiim/ife inul sciii Ende (Vienna, 1878) : Gallois, Histoire de Joachim Murat (Paris, 1838) ; Guardionc, Oioncliimo Murat in Italia (Palermo, ISiv.i). See Napoleon I. MURAT, NapolIso.^ Aciiille (1801-47). Eldest son of Joachim Murat, King of Naples. He was born in Paris, and for a time bore the title of the Prince Royal of the Two Sicilies : but after the overthrow of his father, in 1815, he sought refuge with his mother in Lower Austria, where he received an excellent education. In 1821 he emigrated to the Laiited States, and after a tour of the country .settled near Tallahassee, Fla., where he bought a large estate and built an elegant mansion. AVhen Lafayette revisited the United States in 1825, ^lurat traveled much with him, and was by him introduced to a grandniece of Washington, Miss C'atharina Dudley, whom he married in 1826. Murat declined numerous offers of a political career, and devoted himself to farming, literary pursiits. and philanthropic undertakings. His literary works include: Lettres d'uii citoi/en dcs Etals-Unis a un de scs amis d'Europc (1830) ; Esi/uis-ic morale ct politique dcs Etats-Vnis (1832) ; Exposition des principes dti gouierne- ment rcpuhlicain tel qu'il a etc perfectionnd en Auirrique (1833). These works attracted great atti'ntion in Europe. Consult MacConnell, "The Prince and Princess Achille Murat in Florida," in the Centura Magazine (1803). MTJRAT, Napol£ox Lltcien Charles (1803- 78). The second son of .Joachim Murat, King of Naples. He was born in !Milan, and after the overthrow of bis father in 1815 lived for several years with his mother in Lower Austria. He went to Boston in 1825, and soon after his arrival in the thiited States he joined his uncle .Joseph, who was then living in Philadelphia under the title of the Count of Survilliers. In 1827 lie married Miss Frazer, an heiress, of Bordentown, N. .T. His wife later established there a fashion- able school for young women. L^nlikc his brother. Napoleon Achille, he did not give up the idea of recovering his father's throne, and in 1830 and 1844 made trips to France with that purpose in view, but was permitted to remain in Franca only a short time. After the February Revolu- tion of 1848 he returned to France and was elected a Deputy to the Constituent Assembly. He was Minister Plenipotentiary to Turin in 1849- 50. After the coup d'etat of December 2. 1851, he received a seat in the Senate, and vas recog- nized by Napoleon 111. as a ])rince of the Imperial family, which brought to him an annual i)ension of 150,000 francs and secured the payment of two millions of debts. In 1801 he advanced claims to the throne of Naples, but his preten- sions were ollicially disavowed by the French (Jovernuient and came to naught. MURATORX, moo'ra-to're, Lonoico An- tonio (1072-1750). A celebrated Italian anti- quary and historian. He was born at 'ignola, near" IModena, October 21, 1672. He studied theology and history in the University of Mo- dena, and early attracted the attention and won the friendship of Father Bacchini. the li- brarian at the ducal jialace, who fostered in him a taste for historical and antiquarian re- search. In 1688 JIuratori took minor or- ders, and in 1604 obtained the degree of doctor in canon and civil law. The same year he was appointed to the staff of the Ambrosian Library at Milan. Wliile there he published his two collections of previously unedited Greek and Latin fragments entitled Anecdota (Irccca and Anccdota Latina. In 1700 he returned to Modena at the invitation of the Duke, in order to become keeper of the ducal archives and librarian of the Este Library, Father Bacchini having ri'sigiied this last post. For fifty years iluratori toiled un- ceasingly, collecting and editing mediaeval chroni- cles and Italian historical records. His enemies, chiefly the Jesuits, accused him of publishing and teaching heretical doctrines; but, appealing to Pope Benedict XIV., the learned antiquary and historian received full protection against such attacks. He was one of the foremost scholars of his day and had a European reputation. He died on .January 23. 1750. His works fill forty- six folio volumes, the most important ones be- ing as follows: Rerum Italiearum Seripfores{25 vols., 1723-51), the standard collection of docu- ments relating to Italian history; Antiquitates Italica' Medii .Evi (6 vols., 1738-42) ; Annali d'ltalia (12 vols., 1744-49); and Antichila es- tensi (2 vols., 1717-40). Consult the biography by his nephew, G. F. Muratori, Vita del celebre Lodovico Antonio Muratori (Venice. 1756) ; Troya, Studi intorno agli annali d'ltalia del Muratori (Naples, 1S77: new ed. 1001 et seq. ). MU'RATO'RIAN FRAGMENT, or Canon OF Muratori. A fragment of a treatise upon the Bible canon commenting upon the several books and so giving a very important list of the books accepted as canonical at the time of its composi- tion, which probably was the latter half of the second century. In the list are the Gospel of Luke, which it calls the third (the fragment Iiegins at this point, so doulitless Matthew and JIark had been mentioned in the part now lost) ; John, Acts, the Epistles of Paul to the Corinth- ians, Ephesians. Philiiipians, Colossians, Gala- tians, Thessalonians, Romans, Philemon. Titus, and Timothy: Revelation of John; Jude; two Epistles of .John; Wisdom of Solomon; and. as doubtful, the Revelation of Peter, but omits the Epistles of .James and of Peter and the Epistle to tlie Hebrews. The fragment was discovered in the Ambrosian library at Milan I 1740) by Lodovico Antonio Muratori ( q.v. ) , from whom