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MtJRILLO. 143 MTJRPHEY. the attention of the beholder is attracted to tlie personality and techniciue of the artist rather tlian to the subject represented. MuriHo's eliief importance consists in the wonderful manner in which he employed the medium of Spanish real- istic forms to express ideal religious conceptions. >rucli of the work of the artist was taken from Spain during the Peninsular cani])aign, a fact that accounts for the number of fine ex- amples to be found in the galleries of Europe; the various collections of London possess 105 of his paintings, and those of Paris 21. Among his principal works were eight large pictures painted for the Hospital of Saint George (IGOl- 74), of which three — viz. "Moses Striking the IJock," the "iliracle of the Loaves and Fishes," and "San .Juan de Dios Attending the Sick" — remain in their original places. The Cathedral of Seville is rich in his works, among which are: "Saints Leandcr and Isidore;"' the "Vision of Saint Anthony" (1656) ; and "La Purissima" (1668). In the museum are seven- teen of the twenty-six pictures painted for the Capuchin monastery at Seville, among which are four "Immaculate Conceptions." In the Prado JIuseura ( Madrid ) are the beautiful "Children of the Shell" (the infants Jesus and John), the "Adoration of tlie Shepherds." the "Education of the Virgin." and "Saint Klizabeth of Hungary Healing a Leper." Other famous works are: "The Birth of Marv" (1655) and "The Holy Family, with Saint Elizabeth" ( 1670) , in the Louvre; "The Vision of Saint Anthony,* in the Berlin Museum. The best examples of Murillo's JIadonnas are in the galleries of Dres- den, Madrid. Seville, Florence (Pitti Palace), and Rome (Corsini Palace). Of his admir- able series of genre subjects representing children in the action of eating, throwing dice, and selling fruit and flowers, the best-known examples are in the national collections of Munich, Paris (Louvre), London, and Saint Petersburg, ilurillo's last work was the altar- piece of Saint Catharine, painted at Cadiz for the Church of the Capuchins. The picture was never completed, owing to a fall, which compelled his return to Seville, where he died shortly after- wards, April 3, 1682. He was buried, by his own request, in the Cathedral of Seville, before Pedro dc Campagiia's picture of the "Deposition from the Cross." Consult the biographies of Murillo by Tubino (Seville, 1864); Stromer (Berlin, 1879) ; Liieke. in Dohme. Kuiist und. Kii)istlcr, vol. iii. (Leipzig, 1880) ; Minor, in "Great Artists Series" (London, 1882); Alfonso (Barcelona, 1SS6); Justi (Leipzig, 1892); Knackfuss (Bielefeld, 1896). See, also, Curtis, Vcl(iS(juez and Murillo (London. 18S3) ; Lefort. Murillo et scs eUres (Paris. 1892) ; Stirling-JIaxwell, An- nuls of the Artists of Hpain (London, 1848). MUR'ISON, Alexander Falconer (1847 — ). An English jurist and historian, born in Aber- deenshire and educated at the University of Aber- deen. In 1883 he was appointed professor of Roman law. and in 1901 of jurisprudence in University College. London. He was editor of The Educational Times (1902), and wrote: The External History of Roman Law (1885). and. in tile "Famous Scots Series." >S'tr William Wallace (1898) and King Robert the Bruce (1899). SniRMEL'LIUS. .TonANNES (C.14S0.1517). A Dutch humanist, born in Roermond. Gehler- land. and educated at Deventer. at Cologne, and at Miinster. In the last city he taught for some time, and then at Deventer and .Mkniaar. One of the foremost humanists of the day, he intro- duced the study of (Jreek almost single-handed, and published many excellent scliool books. His Sropurius in liurbarici I'roiniunalorcs et Osores Humanitatis (1514) and his defense of Keuclilin are important documents. Consult the biog- raphy by Reiehling (Freiburg. 1880) and the selections from his poems, edited by Reichling (ib., 1S81). MURNER, mnr'nOr, Thomas (1475-1537) ._ A German priest, famous mostly for attacking Luther and the Reformation. Murner taught and preached in Freiburg, Paris. Cracow, and Strassburg. After voyages to Italy and England he settled in Strassburg, whence in 1525 he was frightened away by the Reformation, ilurner was highly enough prized for his religious poems to be made laureate by Maximilian 1. in 1505. In 1506 he took his doctorate in theology: in 1513 he became guardian of the Franciscan clois- ter at Strassburg. In 1519 he became a doctor of jurisprudence at Basel. After a stormy life ^Murner died at bis birthplace. Oberenhcim. near Strassburg, in 1537. In his Gduchmatt and hi» Xarrenbescha-drung, Murner shows some real- istic humor. He translated the .Tineid in 1515; whether he wrote the Higli German version of the Enlenspiegel, a kind of chap-book, originally in Low German, is not known. His selected works were published in KUrschner's Deutsche National- litteratur (Stuttgart, 1890 et seq.). Consult: Kawerau, Murner und die Kirche des Mittelal- ters (Halle, 1890) ; Murner und die deutsche Reformation (Halle, 1891). MUROM, moo'rom. One of the oldest towns of Russia, situated in the Government of Vladimir, on the left bank of the Oka. 84 miles southeast of Vladimir (Map: Russia, F 3). It has an old cathedral, a gymnasium, two monasteries, and a convent. The town is noted for the vegetables raised in the vicinity. It manufactures tallow and soap, and has trade in grain. Murom is be- lieved to have existed before the time of Ruric, and had rulers of its own, who were subju- gated by the princes of Moscow at the end of the fourteenth century. Population, in 1897, 12,589. MTJR'PHEY, Abciiibald De Bow (1777- 1832). An American jurist, born in Caswell County. N. C. He was educated at the Univer- sity of North Carolina. He served as a tutor and then as professor of ancient languages until 1802, when he was admitted to the bar. From 1812 to 1818 he was a member of the State Senate. While in this body he was a member of the committee appointed in 1816 to consider the establishment of a system of public schools, and at the session of 1817 submitted an elaborate plan which, while not adopted, formed the groundwork for the later attempts. In 1818 he was elected judge of the Superior Courts and was designated to sit on the Supreme bench during three terms in 1819-20. He was inter- ested in internal improvements, and persuaded the State to attempt an elaborate system of canals a7id harbor improvements. In 1822 he se- cured a share of the Tennessee land warrants for the University of Xorth Carolina, and thus saved that institution from ruin.