Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/182

MURRAY. 148 MURSHIDABAD. Oliver ICllswortli and 'illiam R. Davie, was scut til Paris to negotiate a treaty which should adjust the dillieulties that had brought Krance and the I, nited States to the verge of war. The successful negotiation of the convention signed at Paris, September ;iO, 1800, was said to l)e largely the work of Jlurray. He was the author of a valuable brief treatise ou The Constitution and LiiHS of tlir Viiilcd Stiates. MURRAY BAY, or MALBAIE. A sum- mer report of Charlevoix County, Quebec, Canada, on the left bank of the Saint Lawrence River, 'JO miles east of tjuebec, with which it has steamboat conununication (Map: Quebec, F 3). Picturesquely situated on the Jlurray estuary which forms the bay, it is the jjrincipal watering place on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence, and is iiuich frequented for its romantic scenery, invigorating air. bracing though cold batliing, its boating, and fishing. The town, of which hun- lier mills constitute the chief industry, is at the mouth of the Jlurray Kiver, the dependent sum- mer colonies being at Pointe i^ Pic (population, in 1001. 537) and Cap a I'Aigle, the extremities of the bay, three miles distant. It was one of the stations for United States prisoners of war in I77ti. Populnti.m, in 1901, 820. MURRAY RIVER. The principal river of Australia, draining, together with the Darling, practically the whole southeastern quarter of the continent." It rises in the Avislralian Aljis near the eastern boundary of Victoria, and Hows for two-thirds of its course nortlnvestward. forming the boundarv between Victoria and New South Wales (Map": Australia, G 5). After entering South .ustralia, it makes an abrupt tirn to the south, and enters the Indian Ocean tlirough En- counter Hay, 40 miles southeast of Adelaide. Its length is about loOO miles. For the lirsl (iO miles of its course it passes between precipitous rocky cliffs, in one place, known as the Murray Gates, reaching an enormous height, while some of the highest peaks of the continent are close to either shore. After jjassing through the tJates the hills become gradually lower, and fmally the river enters the innneiise .Vustralian Plains. Here the Murray is sluggish, with numerous windings, and flanked by lagoons. It receives here scarcely any tributaries except a few veiy large ones coming from the mountains. Among the.se are the Mur- rumbidgee (q.v.), which is longer than the main stream from the i)oinl of conlUience, and the Dar- ling (q.v.), whose length exceeds that of the entire main stream. During the drj' season the river shrinks even in its lower course to a width of less than 300 fi-et, but in winter its volume increases enormously, and great iniuulations oc- cur. In the wet season it is navigable for small steamers for the greater part of its course as far as .Mbury, but its mouth, owing to sanil bars, is inaccessible for large vessels. There are n number of ports on its shores, whose total ship- ping probal)ly amounts to more than one and a half million tons annually. MUR'RAYSHIRE. . maritime county of Scotl.ind. See KluI.nshirE. MURRE (also mnrrc. of uncertain etymol- ngv I . Any of several species of guillemot (q.v.). MURRELET, niflr'let (diminutive of murre). Any of several small nuirre-like birds confined to the Xorth Pacific Ocean. The Wack-thronted murrclet {Hyii-tliliborhuiniihiis (intiqitiis) is a haiulsome black and white bird, about ten inches long. It breeds from Sitka northward, and is found as far south as tiregon in winter. A Jap- anese murrclet is closely allied to it. The re- maining four species represent another genus (liruclii/rltamphiix) chielh' distinguished by a more slender and less compressed bill. Two of the species are Arctic forms, one coming south to southern California in winter, while the other two occur in southern and Lower California. MUR'RELL, ViLLi.M (18,53—). An Eng- lish physician. He was educated at University College. London, where he was scholar and dem- onstrator (1875-78). Having received the title of luuri'tit from the French Medical Academy in 1881, he served as medical examiner at Edin- burgh (1882-87), and in the Royal College of Physicians in London (1880-00), and became jihysician and lecturer at Westminster Hospital, lie wrote: Aiifiinii Pectoris (1880; medal from the French Academy): Hroiichitis (1800); Ma- teria Medica (1000) ; and Forensic Medicine a/nd ■ Toxieolofiii (1902). MURRUMBIDGEE, mur'rum-bij'*. A river of -New South Wales, the second largest tributary of the Murray. It rises on the northeast slope of the Australian Alps, in the southeastern cor- ner of the State, within 40 miles of the Pacific coast (Map: Australia, H 5). It flows first noitlnvard through a hilly country, then west- ward through the great plains till it enters the Murrav 00 miles, in a straight line, southeast of the moiith of the Darling. Its length is 1350 miles, but. though it is longer than the Murray from the jioiiit of ccmlluence, it is not of great commercial importance, owing to its shallowness. During the wet season it is navigable 500 miles for light-draught steamers. Its principal af- fluent is the Lachlan (q.v.). MURSA. The Roman name for Eszek (q.v.). MURSHIDABAD, moor'shf-dA-bad'. The capital of a district of Bengal. British India, on the left bank of the Bhaghirathi. a branch of the (ianges, 115 miles north of Calcutta (.Ma]): India, E 4) . .ziniganj. on the opposite side of the river, with ferry lonuunnication. is usually reckoned part of .lur-hidaliad. The town covers a great area, several miles in length and breadth. The buildings are for the most part of nuid, but there are several brick structures — mos(|ues and tombs — along the river bank; and centrally situated is the Xizamat Kila or Xawab's palace, a building of great beauty, comi)leted in 1840. The town is on the most frequented water route from Cal- ^ eutta to the United Provinces. Its trade was fcunierly of great importance. Its banking con- ■ nections are still considerable. .Tain merchants here being among the wealthie-^t in India. The' rearing of silkworms and the weaving of silk are the chief of many indtistries, which include ivory carving, the nuinufacture of gohl and silver lace, of hookah pipes, musical instruments, etc. Mur- shidabad was the last Mohanunedan capital of Bengal, and after the British annexation re- mained the capital until 1700. when the adminis- trative seal was settled at Calcutta. Population, in 1801. of Murshidabad and .zimganj, 35,75fi; in 1001, of Murshidabad l.".li!8. of Azimganj 13,383, total 28.551. I