Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/263

NALA. 225 NAME. rata (q.v.). This episode, entitled tlie Xalopd- khi/anam, or Story of Xala, has often Ijeen sepa- rately edited and translated; as an edition of the .Sanskrit text, together with Dean Milnian's translation, by Monier- illianis (Oxford. 1.S7',)) ; a versified rendering by Sir Edwin Arnold, In- dian Idylls (Boston. 1883) ; a translation into Ciernian prose by Kellner, Xala und Damayanti (Leipzig, 188(5), and stn-eral others. The subject of Nala's career was a favorite theme with the Hindus. One of these, the San- skrit Xalodaija, or Rise of Nala, describes in four cantos the restoration of Nala's fnvtuncs. This artificial poem is ascribed to Kalidasa, but it probably belongs to a much later age. It is a remarkable specimen of the so-called Kavya style of artificial composition, abounding in elaborate metrical devices, alliterative versifica- tion, and intricate rhythms, complicated con- structions, and pedantic imagery. It lias been edited by Benary (Berlin, 1830)," by Yates (Cal- cutta, 18441, and by Vidyasagara (ib., 1873). An excellent German translation, imitating the artificial devices of the original, was made by von Schack, Htimmen voin (Iuikjcn (2d ed., Stutt- gart, 1877). ■ To the same Nala cycle belongs the Xai- shadhlya. or Naishadha-Caraia, Adventures of Nala of Nishadha, written in twenty -two cantos by one Sri-Harsha. who belongs to the latter half of the twelfth century of our era. An edition of this, with tlie Sanskrit commentary of Narayana, was published bv RiJer (Calcutta, 1855), and Swadatta (Bombay, 1894). NAMANGAN, nil'miVn-giin'. A district town in the Territory of Ferghana, Russian Turkestan, situated on the canal of Yangi (fed by the Narym), about 45 miles northwest of New Mar- gelan, the capital of the territory (Map: Asia, Centi'al, Ml). The chief occupations are cotton- ginning and the manufacturing of soap, leather, etc. The trade in cotton, fruit, and animal prod- ucts is important. Population, in 1897. 01,906, including only a few Russians. NAMAQUALAND, na-ma'kwa-l."ind. Little. A division of Cape Colony boi'dering on Ger- man Southwest Africa (Map: Cape Colony, DO). It has an area of 19.154 square miles, with a population of 10.800 in 1891. It is im- portant on account of its copper deposits. The chief town is Port Nolloth on the coast. NAMAYCUSH, nara'a-kiish (North Ameri- can Indian name). The lake or Mackinaw trout {('liiiKti vomer nmnni/cus-h) , the largest of the Salmonida>. It is closely related to the chars, from which it differs slightly in the character of the vomerine teeth. It is a very good food-fish and is the second in commercial importance of the fish of the Great Lakes. Extreme weights of T25 poimds have been reported, but the average is from 15 to 20 pounds. Its food is fishes and a great vai'iety of other things. The spawning season is during September and November. The namaycush occurs in the Great Lakes, and in the inland lakes of New York and Northern New England, where the local names 'longe' and 'togue' are applied to it. It is also found in the headwaters of the Eraser and Columbia rivers, and the streams of Vancouver Island. A deep- w.ater variety, called siscowet (q.v.), is found in Lake Superior. Its flesh is fatter and less desirable as food. See Salmon : Trout ; and con- sult authorities there cited. Sec Plate of Tkout AXD C;baylixg. NAM DINH, niim den'y'. A city of Tong- king. Erencii Indo-China, situated 40 miles south- east of Hanoi, on the Tongking River, 30 miles from the sea (Map: French Indo-China, E 2). It lies in the most fertile region of the delta, and is prosperous and well l)uill, with broad, paved streets. It is the seat of a French resident, and the intellectual centre of Tongking. It is almost as important commercially as Hanoi, has numer- ous well-stocked shops, regular boat .service on the river, and a brisk trade in rice, silk, cotton, and indigo. Population, about 30,000. NAME (AS. llama, Goth, namo, OHG. naino, O'er. Xante; connected with Lat. nomeii, Gk. jro/ua, oiioma, Ir. ainm, OPruss, emnes, OChurch Slav. line, name, and with Lat. gnoscere, Gk. ytyviiffKeiv, gigiioskeiii, Skt. jna-, Ger. kennen, Eng. kiiuie). In law, a word or words em- ployed to designate a person, place, or thing. In earlj' times in England the Christian name was the only one recognized by the law, and sur- names were mere words of description to identify one person from another of the same Christian name. This practice was confirmed and received legal sanction by a statute (1 Henry V., c. 8), called the "Statute of Additions," which pro- vided that not only the name of an individual should be inserted in a writ or indictment, but ins estate or degree, his calling or business, and the town or district in which he resided. By rea- son of the above custom and the statute, many persons who had not otherwise adopted surname^ were known bv the name of their calling, place of residence, or by some other characteristic. Thus, Cieorge, the smith, became George Smith, and John of Wessyngton became John Wessyngton or Washington. The middle name or initial of a person is generally regarded as of no importance, and not a part of his legal name. Therefore the omis- sion of it in a legal instrument or proceedings is not considered an error, except in a few jurisdictions. In general a person's Christian name should be written out, and in some States the mere initial of the Christian name, together with the surname, has been held insufficient under statutes requiring the names of persons to be subscribed to certain instruments, as a petition for a highway. Owing to the almost infinite variety of sur- names and the consequent difficulty in spelling them properly, the courts have adopted a rule known as idem sonaiis (the same sound), by which they determine whether or not an incorrect spelling of a name is a fatal error in legal docu- ments. Briefly stated, the rule provides that where a name is not correctly spelled, if it sounds identically like the name intended to be written, it will be held sufiicient, the error in spelling being disregarded. Thus the surnames Preyer. Prior, and Prvor have been lield to be idem soiinns. This rule is followed as to legal instruments and transactions generally, but where a name in an instrmuent varies in some irregular manner from the common method of spelling a name identically the same in pronun- ciation, the necessity for departing from such a doctrine is apparent, as in the case of such as Jaeger and Yaeger. which may be pronounced so as to sound alike, and a person searching