Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/265

NANCY. 227 NANKEEN CLOTH. The city owes much ut its architectural orna- nientation to Stanislas Leszczynski, King of Poland, who resided here as Duke of Lorraine. His statue stands in the Place Stanislas, the most important square in the city, surrounded by imposing edifices, including the theatre, the liotel-de-Ville, and the Episcopal Palace. The HOtel-de-Ville, dating from the seventeenth century, contains a fine ballroom with mural paintings by Girardet. The Ducal Palace is an attractive example of the Gothic style and holds the Musee Lorraine, a collection of historical and other antiquities. The cathedral is a creation of the famous Mansart. Nancy has seven fine triumphal arches, the most elaborate one being the Porte Ro.yal, constructed luider Louis X^'. Among other structures of note are the Gothic Church of Saint Epvre, an ancient Gothic castle, and the Palais du Gouvernement, now used for military purposes. Nancy has a university ( see below ) , a noted school of forestry (the only one in France), one of the two French hypnotic schools, an important under the control of the I nicrsity of France, but with the dissolution of that university, Nancy became autonomous. In l'.tU2 the University of Nancy consisted of the faculties of Law, Medi- cine, Mathematics, Natural Science, and Philos- ophy, and the School of Pharmacy. It also in- cluded the chemical, scrothorai)ic, eleclrotecbnic, and agricultuie institutes and the "Etudes Co- lonialcs." The attendance in 1002 was 1130. The library contains about 38,000 volumes. NANDA DEVI,, nun'da da've. A peak of the Himalayas (q.v.). NANDXJ, nan'doo. The Brazilian name of the South American ostrich. See RiiEA. NANEK, n-i'nek. or NANAK, nii'nAk {1469- 1538). Founder of the religi<jus sect of Sikhs (q.v.). He was born at the village of Talwandy, now called Nankana, on the bank of the river Ravi, near Lahore, India, and was a Kshatriya in caste. In his youth he showed a tendency toward mysticism. He was at first a shepherd, and afterwards became a Government official, in charge of the State's granary. He visited all hospital, a seminary, a botanic garden, and a pub- the sacred places of India for the purposes of lie library of over 100,000 volumes and 5000 ilSS. Attached to the school of forestry is a valuable forestry museum. Tlie situation of Nancy on the Eastern Canal and the Canal Marne-au-Rhin gives it a large trade. Its principal manufactures are embroi- dery, hardware, boots and shoes, straw hats, woolen goods, and agricultural implements. The great breweries here are among the most im- portant in France. In art industries the city furnishes many unique features and varieties. Not a few of the artistic specialties in furniture and in printing in France originated here. To facilitate tralfie.a belt line railway has been built. Population, in 1891, 78.110; in 1001. 102,.550. Charles the Bold was overwhelmed and slain before the gates of Nancy in 1477 in battle against Ren6 of Lorraine and his Swiss mer- cenaries. Nancy was the seat of the dukes of Lorraine down to 1766, in which year it came to France. The tovm has greatly grown in general importance since the loss of Alsace-Lorraine by France, large numbers of Alsatians coming here to live. NANCY, University of. One of the leading universities of France, founded originally at Pont-il-Mousson. It had its inception in the papal bull of 1572, issued at the instance of the Cardinal of Lorraine, and consisted at first of two faculties : Theology and Arts. It was surrendered to the Jesuits to combat heresy. A law faculty was added in 1582 and a medical faculty in 1598. The L'niversity maintained a steady growth and in 1608 its attendance reached abotit 2000. This growth was checked by the wars of the seven- teenth century. In 1768 it was removed to Nancy by the order of Louis XV. During the stormy days of the French Revolution it went down with the rest of the French universities, but was not reorganized at the establishment of the ITniver- sity of France. In 1852. at the instance of forty municipalities a rectoratc was est.-ihlished. and in 1854 the faculties of Letters and Science were organized. In 1864 the faculty of Law and in 1871 the faculty of Medicine, consisting mostly of professors who had come over from Strasshurg University, were established. Until 1896 these were knois-n as Facultes de Nancy and were formulating the religious system he wished to introduce among his neighboring tribes. He spent two years in the town of Livanobbhon, where he associated himself with Kabir, the founder of a monotheistic sect. It was due to the influence of Kabir, whom Nanek often quotes in his book, that he determined to found a similar sect. Having previously made pil- grimages to Mecca and Medina, he returned to India, where he compiled the great work known as the Adi-Granih. For many years he traveled widely, and proclaimed ever^vhere the doctrines of his new religion. He preached the abolition of caste, the unity of God. and the obligation to lead a pure life, and soon had a large follow- ing. Upon his death, which occurred at Kirti- pur on the Ravi River, his disciple Lina (or Labona) assumed the leadership of the sect. Ten apostles, or 'gurus,' as they are termed, are traced from Nanek down to Govind Sinh in 1708. with whom the succession stopped. NANGASAKI, nan'ga-sil'ke. A seaport of .lapan. See Nagasaki. NANINI, na-ne'ne. Giovanni IMabia (c.l540- 1607). An Italian composer, born at Tivoli. He opened the first public school of music ever controlled by an Italian nuisician in Rome. The famous Paiestrina and a nephew, Bernardino, were two of his assistants. He succeeded Paies- trina as maestro at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, and in 1577 became a member of the Papal Choir. Three years before liis death he was appointed maestro di cappella of the Sistine Chapel. A six-part motet, Bodic Nobis Ca'lorum Rex, composed by him, is sung annually on Christmas morning in the Sistine Chapel. Some of his most important works remain in MS. and are the private property of the Sistiiie Chapel and the Vatican Library. His printed works include motets, madrigals, canzonets, and church pieces, most of which examples are regarded as representing the best of the Paiestrina period. He clieil at Rome. NANKEEN' CLOTH. . fabric formerly im- ported extensively frniii (^hina. and said to be the manufacture of Nanking: the color, a yel- lowish buff, being a favorite one. In the middle of the nineteenth century this material was much