Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/272

NAPLES. 234 NAPO. Of the nearly four liundied elmrclies none is very striking. Tlie cathedral, dedicated to Saint Januarius, contains the celebrated vials in which the liquefaction of the saint's blood is alleged to take place on three annual festivals. The church also contains the tombs of Charles of Anjou and I'ope Innocent IV., besides numerous line paintings and statues. San Martiiio is an iuteresting religious precinct, with its belve- dere, cloisters, and nniseum. In the monastery attached to the Church of Santi Scverino e Sosio are ileposited the valuable archives of the former Neapolitan kingdom, consisting of some 40,000 manuscripts, the earliest dating from "03. Xaples is far licher in archieological than in architectural interest. The JIuseo Xazionale con- tains an immense and unsurpassed colUclion of frescoes, paintings, mosaics, sculptures. anli(iui- ties, coins, medals, and inscrijitions. including objects excavated at Herculaneum and Pompeii. Among its rarest, most celebrated possessions are the Farnese Bull, the Farne.se Hercules, the Mo- saic of the Battle of Ale.Kunder, the Pompeiian frescoes, and a valuable collection of bronzes and vases. The splendid Galleria Umberto Prime was completed in 1800 at great expense. At the head of the educational system is the university (q.v. ). There are also an engineering school, an Oriental institute, an astronomical ob.servatory, a botanical garden, several inions for the study and difl'usion of many leading branches of knowledge, a marine school, and a royal conservatory of music. The charitable in- stitutions are nimcrous, on an extensive scale, and richly endowed. Besides that of the uni- versity there is the National Library, with over .3.')0.o6o volumes. 200.000 pamphlets, and about 8000 manuscripts. Naples has many good play- houses. The San Carlos is one of tlie largest and most famous of opera houses. The marionette theatres and the theatres where the famous Neapolitan Pulcinella is to be seen are a never- failing source of entertainment. Xaples is one of the most important manufac- turing centres in Italy. Ships, locomotives and cars, and stationary engines are built; and glass. cotton, wool, gloves, perfumery. linen and silk products are manufactured. The extensive steel works are chiefly in the hands of English lirms. Copies of ancient vases and bronzes, lava articles, and coral and tortoisc-slidl gnods are also largely dealt in. The commerce of Xaples is even more important than are its industries. It has regular communication by steamers with nearly all parts of the world. The harbor has been much improved in the last decade. The tonnage of vessels entering was .T.:!rir>.4.^.'> in 1000. an in- erea.'ie of nearly 1.700.000 tons during tin- liecade. The chief articles of import are co.il. iron and steel (Creat Hiitain. f;<'rmany. and iiclgiuiiiK grain (Russia and Inilia) , lumber (.^nslria-Ilun- pary), cotton (United States and India), wool, leather, oils, and wines (France), and chcmieals (fJermany and Oreat Britain). The leading ex- jiorts are wine and brandy, dried and sub- tropical fruits, nuts, paper, and hemp. The total value of the import.s in 1900 was .«l l..'i'>4..')f)7. showing an increase of nearly $2,800,000 since 181)8. The exports for IftOO were vahied at $20.910.0.11. Half of the population of Naples, including the countless lazzaroni and trovatori, were hud- dled togetlier in the slums in ancient unsanitary buildings that crowded narrow, crooked streets, until the cliolera epidemic of 1884 aroused the whole conntry. In 188.5 the Italian Parliament voted $20,000,000 toward a systematic renovation which, when entirely completed, will cost city and nation not less than .'i;lOO.OOO,000. A new water supply was at once introduced from the mountains near Avellino, 50 miles away, and plans were elaborated for a new' sewer system, for new streets, new squares, and new buildings. Of 271 old streets 144 were to be abolished and 127 widened: the habitations of 90,000 people were to be destroyed, and the density of the population reduced from 045 to 280 per acre. The work so far has been done on contract by private com- panies, and the resale of street frontage on the new business streets has to some extent reim- bursed the Government. The water-works are owned by a private company. The population of Naples in 1001 was 503,7.31. Consult: Colletta, [Jistnry of the Kingdom of Xaples, translated by Horner (Edinburgh, 1858) ; Beloch. Kdiiiixinien. Genchichte vnd Topuyniphie den aniil.cii capcl {2d ed.. Berlin. l.S!)0) ; Del Balzo. Xripoli e > Xapoiitani (Milan, 1884); Forbes, Rambles in Naples (New York, 1886); Hare, Cilics of tSuuthmn Italy (London, 1883); Waters, Xaples (Boston, 1894): Pellet, Xaples conteiiiporain {Pariti, 1894) ; Rolfe, Naples in the Nineties (London. 1897); Whitehouse, The Col- lapse of the Kingdom of Naples (X^ew York, 1899) : Norway, Xaples Past and Present (New Y'ork, 1901) ; Kispoli, La proiincia e la citta di Nnpoli (Xaples, 1902). NAPLES, Bay of. A bay of the Mediterra- nean Sea on the southwest coast of Italy (Map: Italy, .17). It is 20 miles wide from Cape ^liseno on the northwest to Point Cam- panclla on the southeast, and extends inwanl about 10 miles. The bay is famous for its beau- tiful scenery, the view including the city of X'aples. Castellamare. and the other towns and villages along the shores, dominated by Mount Vesuvius on the east, while at the entrance to the bay are the lovely islands of Ischia and Capri. NAPLES, Kingdom of. See Two Sicilie.s, Kl.(;l>l)M OF THE. NAPLES, UxivFR.«iTV OF. An Italian univer- sity, founded in 1224 by the Emperor Frederick II. It was reformed or reconstructed at least three times before 1200. when Charles I. of AnjOU finally placed it on a sound footing. Among its earliest and most brilliant scholars was ThotnW Aquinas, who lectured here during its short but brilliant revival about 1272-74. It was reorgan- ized in 1780. and since the incorporation of Naples with Italy. 1800. it has increased remarkably in numliers and influence. Tt had in 1901 a budget c.f over 900. nOO lire and more than 5100 students, cliietly in law and medicine. Its lilirarv contains about 100,000 volumes and 30.000 i)ampblets. NAPO, na'pft. A tributary of the Vpper .Vma- zon. It rises on the slojx; of Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador and (lows sotitheast, emptying into the Amazon near the eastern boundary of Ecuador after a cotirse of 7.50 miles (Map: Ecu:idor. C 4). Tn its upiKT course it flows in a steep incline through a rough and rocky valley, but after emerging from the mointains it traverses a vast