Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/382

NEENAH. 332 NEP. power, divides, as it loaves tlic lake, into two streams, iiulosing a large islaiul. half of which belongs to Ncenali and half tn Menasba, the two cities forming praetically one industrial eoni- niunity. .Manufacturing enterprises are well de- veloped and include pajx'r. lumber, and Hour mills, stove works. fo ulrics and machine shops, brick works, a boot and shoe factory, etc. Set- tled in 18-tC, Neenah was incorporated in 1850 as a village, and in 1873 was chartered as a city. The government, luider a charter of 188."?, is ad- ministered by a mayor, chosen every two years, and a unicameral council. The municipality owns and operates the water-works. Population, in 1890, 5083; in 1900, 5954. NEER, nar, A.vrt van der (lGO.3-77). A Dutch landscape painter, born at Amsterdam. He was a friend of Albert Cuyp, who occasionally supplied the ligurcs and animals in his iiiclures, which were fur the most i>art moonlight scenes, depicted with a prevailing warm tone. At times he represented the same scenes, usually towns or groups of cottages on the banks of a canal or river, under the cll'ect of sunlight. Fine speci- mens of this kind are in the National Gallery. London, in the Louvre, and in the ilctropolitan Musemn, Xew York. Three renuirkable examjiles of his conllagration ell'ects. which he de- picted with great truth, are in the Berlin ^Museum, which. besides four other examples of his work, contains one of his most ellectivo moonlight pieces. Among the best of the latter varietv are two in the Dresden Gallery and one in the Vienna Museum. The warmth and glow of his coloring e.xtend even to his winter landscapes, which may be seen to best advantage in the museums of Amsterdam and Brunswick. He died at Amsterdam, oveml)er 9, 1077. His son, Eiii.ox Hkndrik van der Xeer ( 1G43- 1703), a genre and landscape jiaiiiter, was born at Amsterdam. He was at lirst inr-tructed by his father, who. on his showing ]U'cfcrcnce (or figure painting, placed him under .lakob van Loo. From 1003 on he spent about three years in France, then lived successively in Hotterdam. Amsterdam, and Brussels, and in 1(187 became Court painter to the Eleet(n- Palatine at Diisseldorf, where he died on May 3, 1703. His favorite subjects were single figures, es|iecially ladies in elegant attire, engaged in domestic occupations, in the manner of Terborch and N'etscher, with whom the line taste shown in his compositions, and ])ervading all details, entitles him to be ranked. A harmonious example of this kind is a "Ladv Tuning Her Lute" (1(578), in the Pinakotbck at Miniich. Similar pictures arc in the Botterdam Museum (dated 1(1119), and in the galleries at Karlsruhe (1(177) and Dresden. (Occasionally he i)ainted. but less success filly. biblical sub- ject<<, such as "Tobias with the . gel" (1(1!I0), in the Amsterdam Museum, and later also land- scapes, taking KIsheimcr for his model. Two examples of these (dated 1(197) are in the I'llizi Gallery at Florence, which also contains the arti>fs portrait (1(190). NEERWINDEN, nAr'vJn'd<n. A village of Belgium, in the Province of Lifge. five miles southeast of Tirlemont. celebrated in history for the great victory gained by the French under the Duke of Luxemboirg over the Kngli>h and Dutch under William III. (.Tuly 29, 1(193). It was also the scene of the defeat of the French under Dumouriez by the Allies under the Prince of Co- burg (Mareli 18, 1793). NEESIMA, ne'shi-ma, Jo.sepii Hardy (1845- 110 1. A .hipancse educator, burn in Vedo, of a good aaiiiurui family. He received an excellent education and went to Boston, where he found a patron in Alpheus Hardy. He graduated at Andierst College and at Andover Tluological Seminary. Keturning home in 1874, willi funds obtained from friends of the American Board of Foreign Jlissions, he succeeded in carrying out bis educational ))lans. His college in Kioto, the Dosbisha, became the largest and best equipped (.'liristian institution in the Kmpire. NEES VON ESENBECK, nas f6n a'zni bek, Christian GoTriRiKi) (1770-1858). A German botanist and lu.turalist. He was born at Krbacli in the Odenwald; studied medicine at .Tena, and in 1818 i)eeamc ]n-ofessor of botany at the Uni- versity of Krlangen. He subscciuently was pro- fessor of botany at Bonn, and in 1830 accepted the posts of professor of botany and director of the botanic garden at Breslau. In 1848 he went to Berlin and took an active interest in the agi- tiitions of that and the following year. His deposition from the chair of botany in 18o2 was the coMscMiucncC of his political activity. In his lliindhool; of liotnnij (1821), he developed the theory advanced by Goethe in his Mctamoijihose (Icr I'flanzcn. that all the parts of the llower are only variations of the leaf. This work had been preceded by Die Algeii des siisscn Wrisscrs (1814) ; by Dos Si/stem der Pil::e uiid Srhiniiiiiinc (ISKl): a'nd by Substan:; der PlUiitzcn (1819), in which he was assisted by Rothe and Bischof. He published, in 1833, (lencra ct i^pirics Aslrr- ciiriiiii : in 183G, Systema Laiiriminim ; and in 1841, Flora: Africa: Austrulinris Illuslralioiics Monographicw. In 1852 appeared the first vol- ume of Die aUyemcine Formcnlchre der yaliir. lie was a specialist on cryptogamous plants, and in this branch of botany his chief w-ork is Xtiliirtrwitielile der eiiropiiischen Lehcrmoosc (IS33-'3S). NE EXEAT (Lat.. let him not go out). A writ or order issued by a court of equity, directed to a sherilV and commanding him to arrest the defendant in an action and detain him until he furnishes a certain bail, on coiulitioii lliat be will not leave the jurisdiction without permission of the court. About the tinu' of Queen Klizabetb, this writ came to be emi)loycd by the Court of Chaiu'crv to restrain a person who was uinler some eciuitable obligation to another from leav- ing the country. This practice became common in Fngland, and was adoi)ted into equity or chancery practice in the United States, where it still obtains in many States. This e<|uitable reiiicdy of nc exeat corresponds in its purposes to the legal jiroeess of arrest and bail in civil cases, and has been abolished by some modern codes of ]irocedure. as in New York. an(l the legal remedy substituted in its stead. See Arrest: Bail; Eqiity. Consult the authorities referred to tinder Equity; Pro- CEiii HI-:: Writ. NEF, John Ulric (18112—). An .Xmericnn chemist, born at llerisati (Appenzell). Switzer- land. He graduated at Harvard University in 1884. held a fellowship there in 1884-87, studied also at Munich (Ph.D., 1880), and in 1887-89