Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/543

NEW BOCHELLE. 471 NEW SOUTH WALES. I dating from the Dutch and English periods. An Ursulint' seminary now occupies 'Leiand Castle,' which is known for its fine interior decorations. The city lias a public library with over 8500 volumes. New Rochelle was settled in 1687 by Huguenots, some of whom were natives of La IJochelle. It was the home for several years of Thomas Paine, to whose memory a monument has been erected. Population, in 1890, 9057 ; iu 1900, 14,720. NEW BOSS. A town lying mainly in County Wexford and partly in Kilkenny, Ireland, on the Barrow River, 29 miles by rail north- west of Wexford (Map: Ireland, E 4). An iron bridge with a draw connects the suburb of Ros- bercon on the Kilkenny side. Ships of 600 tons can unload at its quays at all stages of the tide. Its favorable situation is deserving of much greater industrial prosperity than the town possesses. There is, however, some trade in agricultural products, and there are salmon fish- eries. Although believed to date from the sixth century, its history begins with the erection of the old monastery in the thirteenth century. Cromwell captured the town in 1649 and de- stroyed its walls and fortresses, of which there are fragmentary remains. Population, in 1901, .")S67. NEWBY, nu'ri. A seaport and market-towni. jjarlly in County Armagh, but principally in County Down, Ulster, Ireland, 03 miles north of Dublin and .38 miles south-southwest of Belfast (Map: Ireland, E 2). It is traversed by the Newry River, which is crossed by five bridges and falls into Carlingford Lough, and by a canal, by which the navigation is prolonged to Lough Xeagh. a distance of .32 miles. Newry is also con- nected by the Newry Canal with Victoria Lock. The town is handsomely and compactly built. The quays are lined with spacious warehouses, and there are several tanyards, coach and car manufactories, iron foundries, grain, flour, and spinning mills. Extensive water-works 'have been constructed. Steam vessels ply to Liverpool and Glasgow from Warrenpoint, a port five miles distant on Carlingford Lough. The Newry and Greenore Railway connects the Newry and Ar- magh line with the deep water harbor of Green- ore. The town is nearly coeval with the English invasion, having grown up around a monastery founded in 1183 and a castle subsequently erected by De Courcey. This castle was the scene of sevci'al struggles, and in most of the civil wars of Ulster Newry suft'ered severely. It was in- corporated as a borough by .Tames I., and sent two members to Parliament. The corporation was abolished by the Irish Municipal Reform Act and the affairs of the town are now administered bv twentv-one commissioners. Population, in 1891, 12,9G1; in 1901. 12..587. NEW SALLEE, sii-la'. A seaport of Mo- rocco. See R.B.^T. NEW SCHOOL PBESBYTEEIANS. Sea PRESISYTKRIANISM. NEW SIBE'EIA, or Lt.^kiiov, ISLANDS. A group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, situated nortli of Eastern Siberia, between latitudes 73° 9' and 77° 30' N., and between longitudes 136° 16' and 159° 6' E. (Map: Asia. PI). The principal islands of the group are Kotelnoi, New Silteria, and Liakhov, with areas of from 1000 to 3000 square miles, the combined area of the whole group being 9500 square miles. The islands con- sist mainly of rocky, ice-bound cliffs, and are quite treeless and uninhabited, save for the tem- porary sojourn of hunters. Game, especially fur- bearing animals, is aliundant. The islands are noted for the great quantities of bones of extinct animals found there, notably those of the mam- moth. The group was discovered in 1770 by the Russian merchant Liakhoff. and the islands have since been visited by several other explorers. NEW SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS. See South Siietl.^xd Islands. NEW SOUTH WALES. A State of Aus- tralia, situated in the southeastern part of the continent, and bounded on the north by Queens- land, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by Victoria, and on the west by South Australia (Map: Australia, H 5). Its area, 310,367 squares miles, is more than five times that of England and Wales, much larger than that of any of the United States, and more than twice that of the State of California. Physical FE.iTtBEs. The Great Dividing Range runs along the coast in an irregular sys- tem of broken minor ranges, whose main axis extends about 100 miles inland. It is known as the Australian Alps in the south, the Blue Mountains near the centre, and the New England Range in the north. These mountains are broken by deep ravines and canons. The Blue Mountains are especially rugged and abrupt and long formed an impassable barrier. The highest point is Mount Kosciusko, near the southern boundary, with an altitude of 7308 feet. The mountains are flanked on the west by a broad, undulating plateau, which sinks gradually toward the Great Plains of the west, but rises again in the north- western corner of the State to a height of 2000 feet in the Stanley and Grey Ranges. The coast is bold and rocky, and indented by a number of small inlets, among which Port Jackson, the harbor of Sydney, forms one of the finest harbors in the world. The rivers on the eastern slope of the Dividing Range are small, the largest being the Hawkesbury, with a length of 330 miles. The Murray River forms' the southern boundary of the State, and its two great tributaries, the Darling and the Lachlan, course through the western plains. Several streams flow from the northwestern mountains toward the Darling, but are lost in the arid plains before they reach it. Nearly all the rivers of the plains dry up or are reduced to strings of ponds during the dry season, while in the wet season large areas of the plains are inundated. Climate. The climate is in general mild, be- coming subtropical toward the north. The mean temperature on the coast is 76°, with an average .maximum of 100° for .January, and 55° for .July. 'On the interior plains the range is much greater. Here the temperature may reach 130°, and there are hot dust winds. The rainfall is greatest in the southeastern extremity, where it registers 73 inches, the average on the coast being 50 inches. On the interior plains it is generally less than 20 inches, falling below 10 inches in the northwest. The uplands and the eastern portion of the great plains are covered with open forests of eucalyp- tus trees. Denser forests grow in the valleys of the very fertile coastal districts. The arid west- ern plains are covered only with stunted scrub.