Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/71

MOSS. 57 has a good harbor visited by steamers, and trades in wood and preserves. Population, iu I'JOO, 8!)41. In 1814 the treaty was signed at Moss by which Norway consented to a union with Sweden. MOSS (.MDutth, Dutch, OIIG. mus, Ger. Moos, moss; eonneeted with Lat. inuscus, OChurch Slav. iiiUfliCi, Lith. miisai, Welsh mwswg, moss). A plant belonging to the group Musci (q.v. ) of the bryopbytes (q.v.). MOSS AGATE. See Mocha Stone. MOSSAMEDES, mos-sil'mfi-dSs. The chief town of the District of Mossamedes, Portuguese West Africa, situated on the Atlantic coast 150 miles north of the mouth of the Kunene (Map: Africa, F li). It is a well-built and regularly laid out town, with a fine Government building, church, hospital, and a fort. The harbor is excel- lent, and equipped with an iron pier, and the trade is considerable. The chief exports are rub- ber, cattle, and dried fish. Population, 4500. MOSS-ANIMALS. See Polyzoa. MOSSBUNKER (from Dutch marshanker, probably from mars, peddler's pack, or possibly from mas, crowd -- bank, bank; so called in allusion to the appearance of the fish in shoals ) . A name (heard about New York and New Jersey) for the menhaden (q.v.). It is said by Goode (Fishery Industries, Hec. /., Washington. 1884) that the word is a relic of the early Dutch, who took it from their name for the horse mackerel of Europe, which was "marshbanker.' It has survived in some localities in New Jersey in its original form, but is more usually cut down and changed to 'bunker' about New York and Long Island Sound. MOSSES FROM AN OLD MANSE. A col- lection of tales by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1846). Many of his famous sketches are contained in it. MOSSLEY> mos'Ii. A municipal borough in Lancashire, England, on the Tame, three miles southeast of Oldham (Map: England, D .3) . Its importance dates from 1840, when there were established cotton and woolen factories, mill works, and foundries. The town hall is a hand- some structure. The municipality owns its mar- kets and its gas works, and maintains recreation grounds. Population, in 1901, 1.3,450. MOSSO, m6s's6, Angelo (1846—). An Ital- ian physiologist. He was born at Turin, studied medicine there, at Florence, Leipzig, and Paris, and in 1870 w'as appointed professor of physi- ology at Tvirin. He invented various instruments to measure the pulse, and experimented and wrote upon the variation in the volume of the piilsp during sleep, mental activitv. or emotion. In 1900-01 he visited the United States and em- bodied the results of his observations in Demn- cra^ia nella religione e neUn srien::a (1901). Among his other works are: Die Diagnosfik des Pulses (1879): l^uVa pnura (1884. trans, into German and French) ; Die Temperatur des Ge- liirns (1894) ; and Der ![enseh anf den Hoeh- alprn (1898). MOSS PINK. A flowering plant. See Pjii.ox. MOSS SIDE. A manufacturing town in Lan- cashire. England. I'G miles southwest of Man- chester (Map: England, D 3). It is provided with !ias. electric lightiiig. and water by the Manchester corporation. The town owns its tramways and slaughter-houses, maintains a MOSTELLARIA. free library, and provides for technical educa- tion. Population, in 1891, 23,800; in 1901,26,700. MOST, JoiiANN Joseph ( 1840— ) . A German- American anarchist, born at Augsburg in Ba varia. lie learned the trade of bookbinding, and in 1863-68 traveled as an apprentice through Germany, Austria, Italy, and Switzcrbind. On his return to Germany he was first a socialist writer at Mainz and afterwards editor of tlie Frcie Presse in Berlin. He was several times arrested and imprisoned because of the violence of his writings. From 1874 to 1878 he was a representative of Chemnitz in the Imperial Reichstag, but in the latter year, having been expelled from the socialist organization, he went to London, where in 1879 he founded the anarch- ist organ Die Frcilieit. In 1881 he was there arrested for printing editorials approving the assassination of Czar Alexander II. and sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment. Upon his re- lease he emigrated to New York, where he re- sumed the publication of his paper. In 1886, and again in 1887, he was imprisoned for incit- ing to violence. During the following years he continued to publish his paper, lectured, and wrote frequently in the interests of anarchy. .fter President McKinley's assassination, in 1001, he was arrested for publishing a .seditious editorial in Die Freilieit, and was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. He was sent to the New York penitentiary in June, 1902. Among Most's publications are: Der Kleinbiirger und die Socinldemokratie ( 1876) ; Die Liisiing der soeialen Fra(ie (1876); Mosts Proletarier-JAcderhuch (1875) ; Why I Am a Communist (1890) ; and Down with the An^archi-sts! (1901), a pamphlet published in order to prove that the aims of anarchy are pacific. MOSTAGANEM, mos'ta-ga-nem'. A fortified seaport of Western Algeria, in the Department of Oran, situated on a steep cliff on the Mediter- ranean coast 45 miles east of Oran (Map: Africa, El). It has flour mills and tanneries, and an active trade in wool, skins, and horses. It is con- nected by a branch road with the railroad from Oran to Algiers. Population, in 1901. 17.485; of commune. 18,090. Mostaganem was a large and important trade centre in the sixteenth cen- tury, but later fell into decay. It has again jirospered since its capture by the French in 1833. MOSTAR, mos'tiir. The largest town and former capital of Herzegovina (q.v.), situated on the Narenta about 50 miles southwest of Serajevo, with which it is connected by rail (Map: Austria-Hungary, E 5). It has a number of modern buildings, but is essentially Oriental in appearance, with its numerous mosques, bazaars, and Turkish shops. There are a fine Greek cathedral, a higher gymnasium, and a number of trade schools. Tobacco and arms are the chief products. Mostar is the seat of a Roman Catholic and a Greek bishop, as well as of a mufti, and has a strong garrison. Population, in 1895, 17,020, including over 7000 Mohamme- dans. MOS'TELLA'RIA (Lat.. ghost). An enter- taining comedy of a haunted house, by Plautus, which appears to have been adapted from the Phnsmn of Philemon. The plot is ingenious and the characters are well drawn.