Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/711

NORTH. 611 NORTHAMPTON. Duke of Portland in 1783, but the coalition lasted only a few niontlis. He succeeded his father as Earl of Guilford in 17!tO. Durinj; the last five years of his life North was totally blind. He bore his afflictions with preat cheerfulness, lie died August 5, 17!l2. Xorlli was an aniial)le man, possessed of considerable wit and talent, but lacking those powers necessary to carry a country well through a crisis like that which England experienced during his administration. Consult Donne, Correspondence of George III. icilh Lord Xorih (London, 1807). NORTH, Sir Thomas (1535?-1602?). An Elizabethan translator, the son of Edward, first Baron Xorth, and younger brother of Roger North (1530-1600), the courtier and soldier. He was probably educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and certainly studied at Lincoln's Inn (1.557). In 15SS he was captain of three hundred men at Ely ; was styled a man of courage ; and was knighted in 1591. In ICOl he received a pension of £40 for his 'good and faithful service.' North, a master of clear and robust English, performed i still greater service to literature. Under the ' title The Diall of Princes (1557), he Englished < tlie Spaniard Guevara's Libro aureo. North's 1 version was exceedingly popular. From the I Italian of Antonio Francesco Doni he published ' the Morall Philosophie of Doni (1570; reprint I by J. Jacobs, London, 1891), a collection of Eastern fables. Better known now is his version of Plutarch's Lives (1579: 2d edition 1595; en- larged 1003), made from the French of Amyot. It wa.s the source of Shakespeare's Roman tragedies. Consvilt the reprint of the first edi- tion of North's Plutarch, ed. by Wyndham (Tudor Library, London, 1895). NORTH, William (17521830). An Ameri- can soldier, born at Fort Frederick, JIaine. He entered the Revolutionary army in 1775, and in 1778 was a captain at the battle of Jlonmouth. The next year he was transferred to the staff of Baron Steuben and remained with him until the surrender of Cornwallis. He left the army with the brevet rank of brigadier-general, and went to live with Steuben, whose favorite he had become. A zealous Federalist, he took an active interest in politics, and was a member of the LTnited States Senate in 1798-99. During the trouble with France in 1798 he was appointed adjutant- j general of the army with the rank of brigadier- I general. He wrote a valuable memoir of Baron Steuben. NORTH AD'AMS. A city, including several villages within its corporate limits, in Berkshire r'minty, Mass., 21 miles nortli of Pittsfield; on the Hoosac River, and on the Boston and Al- bany and the Boston and Maine railroads (Map: Massachusetts, A 2). An attractive feature of the city is its beautiful location, amid mountain scenery, at the foot of Greylock, the highest niountiiin in the State. It is near the western end of the famous Hoosac Tunnel, and the nat- ural bridge which spans Hudson Brook at a height of 50 feet is in North Adams. The more prominent institutions are a State normal school. North Adams Library, and North Adams Hos- pital. The principal industries include the manu- facture of cotton, woolen, and print goods, boots and shoes, machinery, etc. North Adams was one of the first places in the L'nited States east of the Pacific slope where Chinamen were em- ployed. The government is administered, under the charter of 1S95. by a mayor, annually elected, and a unicameral council, elected on a general ticket. The majority of subordinate municipal officials are appointed, either absolutely or with the consent of the council, by the executive, but with these exceptions: city clerk and auditor of accounts, elected by the council, and assessors, trustees of public library, and school committee, chosen by popular vote. The water-works are owned and operated by the nmnicipality. Popu- lation, in 1890, 10,074: in 1900, 24,200'. Settled about 1705, North Adams was separated from Adams and incorporated as a town in 1878. In 1895 it became a city. The site of Fort Massa- chusetts, which was captured by the French and Indians under Vaudreuil in 1740. is in the west- em part of the city. Consult Spear, History of Sorth Adams (North Adams, 1885). NORTHAL'LERTON. A market-town in the North Riding of Yorkshire. England. 30 miles northwest of York (ilap: England, E 2). It ha3 a large number of public schools and other in- stitutions, manufactures of linen and leather, brick-making, and malting. It is famous as the place where the battle of the 'Standard.' so called from a high standard erected on a car by the English, was fought, August 22, 1138, between the English under the earls of Albemarle and Ferrers and the Scotch under King David. The latter were defeated. Population, in 1891, 3802; in 1901, 4009. For the history, consult Ingledeiv (London, 1858) and Sa^nvell (Northallerton, 1880). NORTH AMERICA. See America. NORTHAMP'TON. The capital of North- amptonshire, England, a market-town. Parlia- mentary and municipal borough, on rising ground on the Nen, 67 miles northwest of London (Map: England, E 4). The principal edifices are the shire hall, the handsome town-hall, the corn ex- change, the luimerous churches, several of which are unusually interesting, as Saint Peter's, a restored specimen of enriched Norman, and Saint Sepulchre's, one of the four round churches in the Kingdom, and dating from the twelfth century. Northampton has numerous endowed charitable and educational establishments. It is a horse-racing centre, and two meetings annually are held on a fine coirse in the suburbs. The town ow'ns the water supply, markets, and a sewage farm; maintains a free library, museum, cemetery, fire l)rigade, and police force; and provides technical instruction. Northampton is the centre of the English shoe- making industry, and has currying works, iron foundries, mailings, breweries, fiour and paper mills, and brick and tile works. Of early English origin, in the Saxon Chronicle it is called Jlamp- tune. It was long in the possession of the Danes, who burned it in 1010. It was walled and strongly fortified by Simon de Saint Liz in 1075. During the Civil War it was held for Parliament. The meadows below the town witnessed the de- feat of Henrv VI. bv the Y'orkists in 1460. Population, iii 1891, "75.075; in 1901, 87.021. Consult: Liber Custinnarum : the Ancient Cus- tomes of the Town of Sorthampton (Northamp- ton, 1895) : Adkins. yorthampton in English History (London, 1898). NORTHAMPTON. A city, including several villages, and the county-seat of Hampshire Coun-