Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/742

NORTON. 632 NORWALK. he was soon known as a bold and eloquent de- bater. He took an active part against tlie Catho- lics; and as licenser of the press, was engaged in several most cruel tortures. Toward the close of liis life he was imprisoned for a short time in the Tower on a charge of treason. He died March 10, 1584. Norton wrote much verse in English and Latin. He is, however, most re- membered for his share in Gorboduc, the first English tragedy in blank verse (performed in the hall of the Inner Temple on Twelfth Night, 15U0-61). The first three acts were written by Norton ; the last two by Thomas Sackville ( q.v. ) . NORTON, Thomas Herbert (1851—). An American chemist, born at Rushford, N. Y. He studied at Hamilton College and at the University of Heidelberg, and then held the post of manager in a large chemical factory in Paris. In 1S83 Norton was chosen professor of chemistry and librarian in the University of Cincinnati. He traveled afoot through Greece and Syria, and in May, 1900, was appointed by President ^IcKinley to establish the American consulate in Khari)ut, Turkey, as a recognition of his knowledge of the Orient. NORTON SOUND. An arm of Bering Sea, on the west coast of Alaska, south of Cape Prince of Wales (Map: Alaska, C 3). It is 200 miles wide at its entrance, extends about the same distance into Alaska, and receives the waters of the Yukon River. It is ice-bound from October to June. Norton Sound was discovered by Cap- tain Cook in 1V78. NO'RUMBE'GA^ A name given by early ex- plorers and map-makers to various portions of the eastern coast of North America, and also to a river and a mythical city. Upon the map of Verrazano's voyages, published 1529, Aranbega appears as a place on the New England coast. The narrative of the anonymous "Dieppe Cap- tain," in 1539, makes Norumbega stretcli from Cape Breton to Florida. Mercator's map of 1541 apparently locates Anorumbega aroun<l the Hud- son River, and that of 1509 represents Norombega as a city with high towers. .lean Allefonsce. the pilot of the Cartier-Roberval expedition (1541- 44). speaks of a great river, brackish forly leagues from its mouth, rocky, and filled with islands. This has been variously identified as the Hudson, Long Island Sound, and the Penob- scot. Gastaldi's map. in 1550, makes Nurumbega the region near Cape Breton, while Thevet. in the same year, apparently makes the Noruiiibega tlie Hudson. David Ingram, a sailor, claimed that in 1508 he was put ashore on the Gulf of Mexico by Sir .Tohn Hawkins and made his way by Indian trails to the Saint .Tohn"s River in Can- ada in 1509. While passing through Norumbega on his route he visited a city three-fourths of a mile through, the houses of which had pillars of crystal and silver. He saw a peck of pearls and rubies six inches long, while all the inhabitant.s had heavy ornaments of gold, and the richest furs were plentiful. This story was printed by Hak- luyt in his J'rincipall Xavifiations (1589), but Sir ilunipbrey (Jilli.rt sc<iircd a co])y before, and. in l.">s:i, set out tu ixploie the" country. With him he carried the poet Parmenius to sing the praises of the cotmtrv. Michael Lok's map, in 1582, represents the Penobscot as a strait reach- ing to the Saint Lawrence, and makes Norombega the country included between the two. Other maps of the sixteenth century locate the country in New England and indicate a city about the 4;3d degree. Champlain, in his explorations of the Maine coast (lU()4-0()). searched for the city, and ascended the Penobscot to the site of the present city of Bangor, but found no trace. The name begins to disappear in the seventeenth cen- tury ; but .John Smith, in 1020, applies it to New England and the coast down to Virginia, while Lucini, an Italian engraver, represents it as alter- native with Nova Anglia in 1647. Heylin, in 1009, still dreams of a wonderful city. The etymology of the word 'Norumbega' is vague and uncertain. Grotius first identified the term with Norbergia, and suggested a Norse ori- gin. Prof. E. N. Horsford derives it from .Yor- vcgr, Norway, and identifies the river with the Charles. He claims to have discovered ruins of a Norse city, subsequently occupied by Breton French, near Watertown. Mass., and in 1889 he erected a memorial tower at the junction of Stony Brook and the Charles. An Indian origin meaning 'still water.' or 'place of a great city,' has been suggested, while others call attention to the Spanish 'vagas,' or 'bagas,' fields. Weise. in his Discoreries of America to loio (New York, 1884). derives the name from the Old French L'Anormce Berge, the Grand .Scarp, i.e. the Pali- sades. Fiske also identifies the Hudson as the Norumbega River and locates an old French city on Manhattan Island. Consult: Winsor. Xarrative and Critical Bis- tori/ of America, vols, iii.-iv. (Boston and New York, 1884) ; Beauvois, La Xorambegue (Brus- sels, 1880) ; Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonics in America, vol. vi. (Boston and New Y'ork, 1899) ; Horsford. Defenses of yorumhega (Boston, 1891 ). and Diseorerif of Ancient City of Sorum- hcga (privately printed, 1890). NORVAL, nor'vid. The son of Lady Randolph and her first husband in Home's tragedy Douglas. He was exposed at birth and broight up by an old shepherd, Norval. whose name he took. His identity was discovered by his mother after he had saved Lord Randolph's life, and he was ad- vanced by his stepfather, but was killed by him as the result of jealousy aroused by (ilenalvon, Randolph's heir presumptive. His Tuother tUen took her own life. The part was played by both Kcmble and Macready. NORWALK, nr.r'wuk. A city in Fairfield County. Conn.. 14 miles west by south of Bridge- ))i>rt : on the Norwalk River, near Long Island Soiuul, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Connecticut. B 5). It is attractively situated on Hie Sound, and is a ]io]iular residential place as well as a noted sum- mer resort. Its more prominent buildings in- clude the Carnegie Library. Xorwalk Hospital, Fairfield County Children's Home, and the State Armory. There are extensive manufactures of hats, corsets, shirts, shoes, cassimeres, felt goods, silks, locks, air compressors, etc. The oyster interests also are important, and considerable coastwise trade is carried on. The New York and Norwalk steamboat line maintains regular service to New York. The government is vested in a mayor, annually elected, and a tmicameral coimcil. There are nuinicipal water-works. Pop- ulation, in 1900. 0135. Norwalk was settled in 1049 and incorporated as n town in 1051. It embraced what is now the cities of South Nor-