Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/782

NOVEI,. 6GG NOVEKRE. machines. Adventure wilder than Stevenson's is now represented by Joseph Conrad and the Aus- tralasian novelists Louis Becke and Guy Booth- BiBLiOGBAPHT. Dunlop. Hi/ttory of Prose Fic- tion, revised by Wilson ( N'ew York, 1888). com- ing down to the nineteenth century, and contain- ing' a bibliography: Kaleigh, The English Xovel, to Scott (Xcw York, 18!)4) ; Cross, Develop- ment of the Kn<ilish Xorel, an outline from the Arthurian Romance to Kipling, with a working bibliography (ib., IS!)!)); Lanier, The En<]lisk ovel and the Principle of Jts Development, from Kiehardson to George Kliot (rev. ed., ib., 18!)7) ; Stoddard, The Evolution of the English A'oDCi, a study in development (ib., 1!)00) ; Jusserand, The English yovel in the Time of Shalcvs-peare (Eng. trans., ib., 1S!)0) ; Masson, British Novel- ists (Cambridge, 1859) ; Matthews, Aspects of Fiction, dealing with the contemporary novel (New Y'ork, 1800) ; "Philosophy of the Short- Stoiy," in Pen and Ink (ib., 1S88) : Di.xson, Sub- ject' Index to Prose Fiction (ib., 1897) ; Nield. A Guide to the Best Historical Xovels and Tales (ib.. I'Mi) : Baker, A duide to Fiction (ib., 1902) ; Dawson. The Makerx of Modern Fiction (ib., 1902) ; Bliss Perry, .1 Shidi/ of Prose Fic- tion (Boston, 1902) ; 'Brander Matthews, The Historical Novel and Other Essays (New York, 1901) ; Warren, A History of the Novel Previous to the Seventeenth Century (ib., 189.5) ; Ker, Epic and Jiomanee. on the relation of mediicval romance to the mediicval epic (ib., 1897) ; Brune- ti&re, Le roman nnturalisic (rev. ed.. Paris, 1892) ; Douniic, Conlemporani French Novelists, trans, by Frost (New York, 1899); Wells, .-1 Century' of French Fiction, ifrom 1800 to 18!I0 (ib., 1898) ; Pellissier, The Literary Movement in France during the Nineteenth Century, trans, by Brinton (Sb., 1897) ; Gilbert, Le roman en France pendant le A/A' ("me siecle (rev. ed., Paris, 1896) ; Andre Le Breton, Le roman au XVIIemc siecle (ib., 1890) ; Kiirting, Gcschichte des fran::osis- chen Romans im XVII. Jahrhundert (Leipzig. 188.5-87) ; Vogiie, Le roman russe (2d ed., Paris. 1888) ; Bobertag, (leschichte des> Romans in Deutschland (Breslau, 1870-79) ; Landau, Beit- riige zur Geschichte der italienischen Novellc (Vienna, 187.5) ; Chandler, Romances of Roguery (New Y'ork. 1899) ; Rohde, Uer griechisehe Ro- man (Leipzig, 187G) ; Chassang, Histoire du ro- man dans I'anliquitd (Paris, 1803); Jacobs. The Fahles of Bidpai. a reprint of the translation by Sir Thomas North (London, 1888); .Tessip. The Book of the Short Story (New Y'ork, 190.'?). See also the articles in this encyclopa-dia on lit- eratures of various countries and on individual novelists. Several Australian novelists are de- scribed Ulldir ArSTRALI.VN LlTERATlUE. NOVELDA, n.VvAl'da. A town of South- eastern Spain, in the Province of Alicante. 1.5 miles west of .Mieante. on the railway between that city and Madrid (Map: Spain. E .1). The town has oil mills and brandy distilleries, and there arc sulphur springs in the neighborhood. Population, in 1900. 11.442. NOVELL.a! (Lat.. novels, nom. pi. fem. of vorrlhm. WW. diminutive of novus. new). In Roman law. the ordinances issued by Justinian after the Inslitulrs. I'lnuleet.v. and Coder. They were written for the most part in Greek, although the Latin version alone has survived. No oflioial compilation of them was made, but they were preserved in several private collections of varying comprehensiveness. One of these, the Authenli- cum. or Liber Authenticorum. was later regarded as the authoritative text, and in the twelfth cen- tury was incorporated, together with the other .lustinian codes, in the ('orpus Juris Civilis. Bee CxviL Law; Justinian I.; Pandects. NOVELETTE, nov'el-et' (diminutive of nuvii). In music, a term invented by R. Schu- mann to characterize certain compositions (op. 21) in free form. A novelette is of some length and characterized by a great number of short themes introduced without regular successi(m. Schumann chose the name because in those works he made use of entirely novel effects both rhythmically and harmonically. Since then tlic form has been imitated by many composers. NOVELLINO, no'vel-lO'no (It., the little novel 1 . iL. or the CENTO NovELLE Anticiie. The oldest collection of tales in Italian, belonging to the thirteenth century. The subject matter com- prises traditions of all kin<ls, biblical, classical, and chivalrous, stories based on historical fact or wholly fictitious. The tales seem to have been gathered from various sources; from oral tradition, from the books of chivalry, from the French fabliaux, and from other earlier collec- tions in Latin. As might be expected at this • early period, the prose is rather simple; it has, however, a remarkable spontaneity. Consult the first edition of the Novellino by Gualteruzzi (Bologna. 152.5) ; that by Carbone (Florence, 1808) ; and that by Donin'( Turin, 3d ed. 1890) ; .. d'Ancona, Le fonii del Novellino, in the Studi di crilica e storia letleraria; Biagi, Le Novella Aniiehc (Florence, 1880). NOVEL'LO, Vincent (1781-1801). An Eng- lish musician and editor, born in London, of an Italian father and English mother. At the age of si.xteen he was organist in the chapel of the Portuguese Embassy. He was one of the found- ers of the Philharmonic Society, and of the great music-publishing house in London, Novello & Co., established" in 1811. His musical composi- tions, which are very numerous, and chiefly sacred, are considered to have contributed much to the improvement of cathedral music. As _a painstaking editor of unpublished works of emi- nent uuisicians, he has accomplished much for nuisical literature, lie died in N'ice, France. NOVEMBER. See Month. NOVERRE, no'var', Jean Georces (1727- 1810). A Frencli dancer and reformer of the ballet, born at Saint-tJerniainenLayc. He was a pupil of the ballet master Dupre. and bcg-an as a dancer in the Royal Theatre. His ballets gave him such a reputation that Frederick IL invited him to Berlin. He then went to London on the invitation of Garrick. as master of the ballet in the Drury Lane Theatre (1753-57). Afterwards, he was equally successful at Stutt- gart. Vienna, and other European cities. He was made ballet master at the .cademy of Music in Paris in 177.5. and there had the fullest ojiymr- tunity to introduiv those reforms whidi make him the real inventor of the modern ballet. His theory of the dance was that dress, music, and action must interpret one another. These bal- lets were often elaborated pantomimes of classi- cal subjects treated in a serious manner. He also prepared the ballets in operas, notably that in