Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/814

NURSES. 692 NUT. cians and surgeons of the visiting and resident staffs of the hospital, the .superintendent, and the head nurses, and eovers anatomy and |)hysi- ology, and all departments of nursing, including cooking of projier food and delicacies, and fre- quently massage, obstetrics, and the care of insane" as well as alcoholic patients. In some institutions there is a regulation under which nurses are sent out to nurse in families before completing their course of study as a test of fitness. Perhaps the most prominent training schools in the United States are the following: Bellevue, Presbyterian Hospital, New York Hospital, and Mount Sinai Hospital, in New York City; Massa- chusetts General Hospital, in Boston, Mass.; Philadelphia Hospital and Pennsylvania Hos- pital, in Philadelphia. Pa.; .Johns Hopkins Hos- |)ita!, in Baltinioic. Md. ; and Illinois Training School, Chicago. 111. Consult: Nightingale, .Yo(cs on Nursinn { LoM<lon. ISliO) ; Mitchell. Xurxe and Patient (I'hiladclplilii. 1877) ; Hampton. S ursiny (Philadelphia. ISli:!). NURSE-SHARK. (1) A shark (Gin;ih/- mostoma cinattim). the type of a family, which abounds in the waters of the Yest Indies and on the west coast of Mexico, where it is called 'gata.' It is from six to ten feet in length, and is brownish in color, with an obtuse depressed head and rounded tins. See Plate of t;RK.T Sharks. (2) In New England, the sleeper (.S'omniosKS mirrortplKilun) . See Sleeper- SnARK. (3) The Port .Jackson shark. See Cestraciont. NUS, ni.is. EtofeNE (lSlO-04). A French dramatist, horn at Chalon-sur-Saone. His first <iraniatic success was .fdcijues Ic corsnire (1S44). and his other ))lays include: L'enseignement »i«- tuel (with Desnoyer. 1S4(!) ; Le ricnire de Wake- field (with Tisserand, 1S4!1) ; and La tour de Londres (with Hrol and Lemattre, 1855). He was also prominent as a Socialist, and was at the head of the Hiillrtin du Mniirement Soeinl in 1873. His writings include: /.(.s do'imis nini- veaux (18fil). poems; l.u reinthlique natnralisle. Lettre a Kmile Zola (187!)); ('hoses de I'niitrc vionde (1880); A la reeherche des destiiii'es (1801) : and Vivisection du calholicisme (1804). NUSKU, nnns'koo. A Babylonian and .ssyr- ian deity. Originally a solar deity (according to some", a lunar god), he became a fire-god. His name is not found in historical inscriptions until the .'s.syrian period, which may be ac- counted for by his general identification with another and perhaps older firegod. Oibil. He was regarded as the messenger of the god-, lire l)eing the medium of intercourse with deity (cf. Agni in the Indian theology), but in this as|)ect he was inferior to the far better known Nabii. Nusku, along with Cibil. ;ippcars especially in the incantation texts, where, according to uni- versal arts of witchcraft, fire is used to destroy symbolic representations of an enemy, and so is supposed to afTect the latter's person. In this connection Nusku had a wide vogue in the vulgar religion. As the god of fire he was also honored as a patron deity of civilization. Consult .las- trow. Relifiinn of liabi/loiiia and Assyria ( lioston, 1808). NXJSLE, nlMTs'lyCv .A town in the Crownland of Bohemia. .us(ria. situated a few miles south- east of Prague, in n winegrowing region. The town has a castle and a jiark. Population, in- cluding the adjacent village of Pankr;itz, in 1890, 11,740; in 1000, 20.440. NUSSBAUM, ni.i>'boum, .Joiiann Nepomuk (1820-00). A (German surgeon, born in ilunich. He became lecturer in surgery and ophthalmology at the University of Munich in 18.")7, and in 18ti0 received a professorship. He retired in 1800. As both surgeon and writer on surgical topics he became well known in (icrmaiiy. His pub- lications include: Die I'alhohxjie and Tltcrai>ie der Anlci/losen (1802) ; Vier ehiruniiselie liriefe an seine in den Uriel/ zieliendcn ehemaliyen Hehiiler (180li) ; Die Verlctzungen des Unlerleibs (18S0) ; and Ueber Chloroform u-irkung (1885). NUT (AS. knuhtu, Icel. hnot, OHG. »"-. Ger. .Yi(.s-.s-, nut). A hard, one-seeded, indehisccnt (non (i])ening) fruit, which has usually come from an ovary of several carpels, as the acorn, hazelnut, etc! (See Fkuit.) The best-known and most valuable nuts are almonds. Persian or English walnuts, cocoanuts, pecans, Brazil nuts, hazidnuts. chestnuts, anil the various hickory inits, butternuts, etc.. all of which are edible and of ciinnncrcial importance. Strictly s|)eaking. the peanut is not a nut. although couunonly spoken of as such. The various nuts are considered under their separate headings. In 1800 the United States imported 0.057.427 pounds of almonds, having a value of $1,222,587. The value of the cocoanuts imiiorted amounted to .$025,780, and of all other nuts. $87!»,lli6. The exports of domestic nuts the same year amounted to $140,250. The most important nuts now grown commercially in the United States are the Persian or English walnuts, almonds. pecans, and chestnuts. The culture of the first two is ciinfined almost entirely to California. The Persian walnut crop amounts to about a milliiin )iounds a vear. and the almond cro]) to between (100,000 and 800.000 i)ounds. Pecan orchards are largely confined to the Southern and Southwestern States and California, but the bulk of the crop is obtained from native trees in Louisiana and Texas. Commercial chestnut orchards are few in number in the United States, but they are increasing from year to year. Kuroiiean' and .r:ip:inesc v:irieties being largely used to top graft the small native sweet varieties. As with i)ecans. the bulk of the crop is produced on wild trees. Other native nuts of the United States, which have a greater local than commercial value, are black walnuts, butter- nuts, the various shellbark hickory nuts, hazel- luits, and chinquapin. Koou VAi.t K. From 50 to 65 per cent, of the nuts most commonly eaten (almonds, Brazil nuts, filberts, hickory nut-, jH-cans, and walnuts) con- sist of shell. . of these nuts contain little water. The percentage of protein is fairly high. bit fat constitutes the largest part of the edible portion, an<l carbohydrates, which are usu;illy important constituents in vegetable foods. are gcMicrally pres- ent in small amounts. The chc-tnut, however, con- tains nearly 40 per cent, carbohydrates. The per- centage in cocoanuts. ;icorns. ami litclii nuts is also fairly high. The meat of nuts, exceiiting those last mentioned, contains ne;irly fifty times as nuicli fat and less than one-fifth as nuich carbo- hydrates as wheat fiour. anil has about double the fuel value, i.e. energ' producing power. pound of unshelled nuts will furnish about half