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OCHTMAN. 729 O'CONNELL. River. He chose tramiuil, quiet stretches of water, shaded by trees, and bathed in moonlight, as in his "Night on the .lianiis Kiver," which won a medal at the World's Fair in 18!t;j; ""Au- tumn iloonlight;" '".Moonlight Xight in Spring." His "Winter Morning,"' ""The Enolianled 'ale." '"Among the Hills," ""View from the (ireat Hill," "Early Jlorning," and '"A Morning Symphony" are day scenes of equal charm and truth. His work is all distinguished by broad painting, simplicity of expression, serenity of efi'ect, and a certain largeness of treatment that is very characteristic. OCK'EL, Ediweu (18.34—). A German land- scape and animal painter, born at .Schwante, Brandenburg. As a pupil of SteiTeek in Berlin, lie painted portraits and animals, then studied under Couture in Paris (1S.5S), aiul from nature in Xormandy and in the fore^-t of Fontaincbleau, adopting the realistic conception and poetic color treatment of the school of Barldzon, where he lived for several years. The National Gallery in Berlin contains ""Cows at the Fairy Pond, Fon- tainebleau," "Autumn Evening in the JIark." and two others. His other principal works include: "Ploughing Oxen" (1800); ""iStags Before the Fight" (1870): "Steinitz Lake in Autumn" (18S4) ; and "The Four Seasons" (1892). OCKLEY. ok'll, Simon (1678-1720). An Eng- lish (Jrientalist. He was born at Exeter, entered Queen's College, Cambridge, in 1093, and in 1705 became vicar of Swavesey. He devoted himself with great assiduity to the .study of the Oriental languages. From Arable manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, he prepared The History of the l^anicens (1708-18), a work containing much serviceable information. In 1711 he was made professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. His further works, all noted for their accuracy and erudition, include: Introductio ad Linriuas Orieiitales (1700); a translation of Leon ^lodena's Italian IJixtorii of the Present Jcirs Throiif/hout the ll'orW (1707) ; and The Improvement of Human Reason, Ex- hihitfd in the Life of Hat ehn Yokdhan (1708). OCMUL'GEE. A river of Georgia, formed by several headstreams, near Atlanta, in the north- ern part of the State (Map: Georgia, D 4). It flows south-southwest, finally turning eastward, and joins the Oconee in .Montgomery County to form the .ltamaha. It is about 275 miles long, and navigable for small steamers to Macon about half way to its source. Its upper course is broken by many rapids, and furnishes water power, while its lower course is through pine barrens. O'CON'NELL, Daxiel (1775-1847). An Irish politician. He was the eldest son of an ancient but unimportant family of County Kerry. Ire- land, and was born on .ugust fl, 1773. O'Con- nell received his tirst education from a hedge schoolmaster, but afterwards, under the patron- age of his uncle, Maurice O'Connell, attended Father Herrington's school at Cove, and the Catholic colleges of Saint-Omer and Douai, France. His scholarship had just begun to win for him promises of a brilliant future when he was driven home prematurely by the outbreak of the French Kevolutinn. ami in 1794 he entered as a law-student at Lincoln's Inn. In 179S he was called to the Irish bar. By degrees, the Roman Catholic party having begun to rally from the prostration into which it had been thrown by the rebellion of 179S, O'Connell was drawn into public life, and his unquestioned ability soon made him a leader. He was an active member of all the successive associations which, under the various names of "Catliolic Board,' "Catholic Connnittee,' 'Catholic .Associa- tion.' etc., were organized for the purpose of procuring the repeal of the civil disabilities of the Catholic body. Of the Catholic Association he was himself the originator; and by means of this association he created so formidable an agita- tion throughout Ireland that it gradually became apparent that the desired measures of relief could no longer be safely withheld. The crisis was precipitated bj' the bold expedient adopted by O'Connell, of causing himself to be elected member of Parliament for Clare in 1828, notwith- standing his incapacity to .serve in Parliament, in consequence of his being obliged to refuse the prescribed oaths of abjuration and su])remacj', which then formed the ground of the exclusion of Roman Catholics from the Legislature. This step, although it failed to procure for O'Connell admission to Parliament at the time, led to dis- cussions within the House, and to agitations outside so formidable that in the l)eginning of the year 182'J the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel found it expedient to give wa}' ; and deserting their jjarty in the face of strenuous Tory and Royal resistance, they introduced and carried through, in the spring of that year, the well-known measure of Catholic emancipation. O'Connell was at once reelected and took his seat for Clare, and from that date until his death continued to sit in Parliiiment. During all these years he received, by means of an organized annual subsidy, a large yearly income from the voluntary contributions of the people, by whom he was idolized as their 'liberator,' and who joined with him in all the .successive agita- tions against the .Act of Union, against the Protestant Church establishment, ancl in favor of reform, in which he engaged. In the progress of more than one of these political agitation* liis associations were opposed by the Govern- ment. The agitation for the repeal of the Union, begun in 1841, was carried on by 'monster meet- ings' throughout Ireland, at which O'Connell him- self was the cliief speaker. This agitation as- sumed proportions so formidable that O'Connell, in common with several others, was indicted for a seditious conspiracy in 1843, and was convicted and sentenced to a year's imprisonment, with a fine of £2000. This judgment was reversed by the House of Lords; and O'Connell, on his dischai'ge, resumed his career. But his health had suffered from confinement, and still more from dissensions and opposition in the councils of his party; and since, on the return of the Whigs to power in 1840, he consented to su])port their Government, the malcontents of the repeal association openly separated from him, and a bitter feud between 'young' and 'old' Ireland ensued. In this quarrel O'Connell steadfastly maintained his favorite pre- cept of 'moral force,' and was supported by the great body of the Catholic bishops and clergy; but his health gave way in the struggle. He was ordered to try a milder climate, and on his jour- ney to Rome in the spring of 1S47 he was sudden- ly seized with paralysis, and died at Genoa on IMay 15th of that year. .s a public speaker, and especially as a master of popular eloquence, he