Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/931

OLIVETANS. 795 OLMSTED. Siena and Arezzo, where he devoted liiiiiself to prayer and religious exercises. After tliis lie took the name of liernard. By the direction of the Pope, John XXII., the new brethren adopted the Benedictine rule; but they chose as their especial province the cultivation of sacred science and the duty of teacliiiif;. In the year 1319 Tolomci was chosen as the first general; and even before his death, in 1348, the institute had made lapid progress, especially in Italy. It numbered at one time eighty-three houses, but at present the number is reduced to about a dozen, including one in Romp, which contains the grave of Saint Frances of Ftonie. The an- cient mother house of ilonte Oliveto and the beautiful cloister at I'Torenco have been appro- priated by the Italian Government, which uses the latter for barracks. OL'rVET COLLEGE. A coeducational insti- tution at Olivet, Mich., established by a colony of citizens from Oberlin, Ohio, under the leader- .ship of Rev. John J. Shepherd, the founder of Oberlin College. The school was opened in 1844, and continued as Olivet Institute until 1859, wlien a charter was obtained. The institution comprises collegiate and preparatory depart- ments and a conservatory of music, with a total registration in 1902 of iCiO and a faculty of 23. The library contained 28.000 volumes. The col- lege has a campus of 15 acres, valued, with the buildings, at $158,757. the value of all the col- lege property being $355,940, and its endow- ment $150,000. The income for the year was $55,120. OLIVIA. (1) In Shakespeare's Twelfth Nif/ht, a countess sought by Duke Orsino. She falls in love with Viola, disguised as a page, and mar- ries Viola's brother Sebastian, mistaking him for Viola. (2) In Wycherley's Plain Dealer, a hypo- critical character loved by Manly. (3) In Gold- smith's Good-yatured Man, the daughter of Sir James Woodville. She is confined by lier schem- ing guardian in a Paris convent, and is released by Croakei", whom she marries. (4) In Gold- smith's Ticar of Wakefield, the Vicar's elder daughter. She elopes with Squire Thornhill. (5) In Mrs. Cowley's Bold Strolce for a IJu.iband, the daughter of Don Ciesar, who by various pre- tenses drives away other siutors in order that she may marry .Jidio de Melessina. OLIVIEB, 6'le'^•ya', JuSTE D.NIEL (1807- 7G). A Swiss poet, born at Eysins (Vaud). He studied at the Academy of Lausanne, and after- wards taught literature there for several years. After the political troubles of 1845 he went to Paris and remained there until 1871. when he returned to Cieneva, where he died. His poems include: L'avenir (1831): Les chansons loin- taines (1847); Dernifres< chansons; Thdufre de socicl(^ fantaisies drnmatiques (1870) ; and some stiidies in natural history: Le canton de Vaud (1837-41); Etudes d'hisfoire rationale (1842); and Mourement intelleeftiel de la ffiiisse (1845). OLIVINE. See Chrysolite. OLLA PODRIDA. (M'ya podre'oa (S])., ptitrid pot). Originally an accuuuilation of re- mains of flesh, vegetables, etc., thrown together into a pot, but generally employed to designate a favorite national dish of the Spaniards, con- sisting of a mixture of different kinds of meat and vegetables stewed together. It has also come Vol. XIV.— 61. to be figuratively applied to literary productions of verj' miscellaneous contents. OLLIER, &Tya', Li5opold Louis Xavieb EnoLAUo (1830 — ). A French physician, special- ist in the pathology of the bones. He «as born at Vans, Department of ArdOche; studied medi- cine at Lyons, and was professor of clinical sur- gery there, after several years as chief surgeon to the Hotel Dieu (1800-77). Ho wrote: Trait6 experimental ct clinique de la riginf'ralion des OS (1867) ; and Trait6 des resections et des opera- tions conservatrices (1885-90). OLLIVIEB, oTe'vyu', Emii.e (1825—). A French statesman. He was liorn at ilarseilles, and studied there for the bar. Ledru-RoUin made him Commissary General at Marseilles in 1848, and Cavaignac appointed him Prefect of the De- partment of Bouches-du-RhOne the ne.xt year. He soon resumed his law practice, however, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Paris in 1857. As one of the 'Five' that constituted the opposition during the early Empire, he gained great reputation as an orator. Gradually he be- came a Conservative, and finally a Bonapartist. On January- 2. 1870. Xapoleon called him to be head of a constitutional Cabinet. Whether duped or bought, he became subservient to the Emperor, and lost the support of his fellow Jlinisters. He entered upon the Cierman War 'with a light heai't,' and after the first disasters, discredited, with all his colleagues, he retired, August 9, 1870. He became a member of the French Acad- emy in 1870. He wrote: Dcnioeratie et liberty (1807) ; Lamartine (1874) ; I/eciUse et Vetat au concile du Vatican (1879); Thiers a VAcademie et dans I'histoire (1879); Xouveau manuel de droit ecclesiast ique franQais (18S5); Le con- cordat et le gallicanisme (1885); L'empire liberal (1894-98). OLMEDO, ol-m:-i'D6. Josf: Joaquin (1782- 1847 I. A Spanish-American poet, born at Guayaquil. Ecuador. He was educated for the bar and practiced law in his native city. Afterwards he took a prominent part in politics, was a mem- ber of the Junta de Gobierno of Guayaquil (1820), the Constitutional Assembly of" Peru (1823), Minister Plenipotentiary to London, Vice-President of Ecuador, and (iovernor of the Department of Guayas. He was one of the lead- ers in the revolution of 1845, but did not receive the expected election to the Presidency. His best kno i poem is an ode addressed to General Boli- var, as the deliverer of Peru. The works of Olniedo are very popular in South America, though his style is a little antiquated. They are to be found in Gutierrez. Anu'rira Poet tea (184(5) : the Poesia.<i inedltas de Olmedo (1861) ; and Herrera's Apiintcs biograficos de D. J. J. Olmedo (Quito, 1887). OLMSTED, om'sted or um'-. Dexison (1701- 1859). An American physicist and astronomer, born at East Hartford. Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1813, was chosen professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology at the University of North Carolina in 1817, and in 1825 was called to Yale as professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. He published .a number of works that had a wide circulation, among which were the Student's Commonplace Books (1828); In- troduction to Natural Philosophi/ (1832); and Introduction to Astronomy (1839).