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PILLOW. 23 PILON. Williamson County, Tenn. ; {Graduated at the University of Xashville in 1827 ; and commenced the practice of law in Columhia, Tenn., in the following year, lie was commissioned brigadier- general and placed in command of the Tennessee volunteers on the outbreak of the Mexican War in 1S4U. He served fur a sliort time in the Xorthern campaign imder General Taylor, then joined General Scott before Vera Cruz; com- manded the right wing of the American army at C'erro Gordo, where he was severely wounded; was promoted to be major-general in April, 1847 ; and participated in the battles of C'ontreras, Churubusco. and Cliapultepec. After the war he was charged with insuljordination by General Scott, but was honorably acquitted by a court of inquiry. He then returned to the practice of the law in Tennessee, and took an active interest in politics. On the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the C<mfederate service and was appointed brigadier-general. He was in command against Grant at the battle of Belmont on Xoveraber 7, 1861 : was second in command at Fort Donelson under General Floyd, with whom he escaped on the night before the surrender to Grant by General Buckner (see Fobt Henry a>"d Foet DoXELSOX) : was temporarily relieved from com- mand; and subsequently sened under Beaure- gard in the Southwest and acted as chief of eon- scripts in the Western Department. PILLS'BURY. Habrt X. (1872-). An American chess-player, born in Boston, Mass. A strong taste for mathematics early led him to the study of chess. At the International Chess Con- giess held at Hastings. Eng., in 1895, he won the world's championship over a group of famous experts, the first American since Paul Morphy to attain to that honor. He became the principal American representative at foreign tournaments and in international cable matches, and was al- ways distinguished for his strong, careful, and original play. His more recent successes were at Vienna in 1898. where he tied with Tarrasch for first place, at London in 1899. where he di- vided second honors with .Janowsky and ifaroczy, and at the American tournament in Buffalo in 1901, where he won first prize. PILLSBtJRY, .JoH.x S.^HCENT (1828-1901). An American merchant and politician, born at Sutton. X. H. He received a common-school edu- cation, and in 1855 settled at the Falls of Saint Anthony, ilinn.. where he opened a hardware store. In 1872 he Itecame a partner in the firm of Charles A. Pillsbury & Co., flour-millers. From 1864 to 1876 he was a State Senator, and from 1876 to 1882 was Governor. During his ad- ministration he persuaded the people to pay off the State debt, which they had repudiated twenty years before. He gave generously to the Uni- versity of Minnesota and other public institu- tions, built a town hall for ."button, his birthplace, and founded a library for workingmen in East Minneapoli-. PILLSBURY, Parker (1809-98). An Ameri- can abolitionist, born at Hamilton. Essex Coun- ty. Mass. He removed to Henniker. X. H., in 1814; about 1829 began to drive an express wagon between Boston and Lvnn; after- wards was a farmer: in 18.35.38 studied at the Gilmanton (X. H.) Theological Seminarv. and in 1838-39 at the . dover Theological Seminarv. In 1839 lie was licensed to preach, and in 1839-40 was pastor of the Congregational Church at Xew London, ilerrimack County. X. H. He then withdrew from the ministry, enlisted in the anti- slavery movement, was for a sliort time editor of the Herald of Freedom , at Concord, X. H., and then became a lecturer in Xew En"land and the West. In 1854 he visited Englana in the inter- est of the movement. He was fanatical in his views and violent in his methods. He joined Phillips in the meetings of the American Anti- .Slaverv Society and elsewhere in opposition to the reelection of Lincoln. His attacks upon the Church, owing to the attitude of the pul- pit toward anti-slavery reformers, were particu- larly bitter. Upon the dissolution of the Amer- ican Anti-Slavery .Society, whose continuance for pliilanthropic work among freedmen he had urged, he became a preacher for free churches at Salem and Toledo, Ohio; Battle Creek. Mich.; and other towns of the West. He published some pamphlets, including the text of a lecture, "The Plague and Peril of Monopoly" (1887) : Acts of the Anti-Slavery Apostles (1884); and The Church as It Is (1885). The Acts contains an autobiographical sketch. PIL'MOOR, .Joseph (1739-1825). One of the founders of Methodism in America. He was bom at Tadmouth, in the Xorth Riding of Yorkshire; educated at the Kingswood school ; entered the ministry in 1765: came to America in 1769 and labored in Xew York and Philadelphia. He re- turned to England in 1774; because he was not included by Wesley in the 'legal hundred' he was offended and retired in 1785. Returning to .mer- iea, he became a member of the Protestant Episco- pal Church, and was ordained by Bishop Seal^uiy the same v"ear. He still ministered in X'ew York and Philadelphia, the last twenty years of his life being spent as rector of Saint Paul's Church in the latter city, where he died. His journal in manuscript is the property of the iIethodi-*t Historical Society of Philadelphia; a portion of this has been publislied under the title The Western Pioneers bv -Tohn P. Lockwood ( London, 1881). PILOCAR'PINE. See .Jaboraxdi. PILON, pe'lo.x', Gebmaix (c.1.535-90). A French sculptor of the High Renaissance. He was born in the Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, about 1535, as is known by a document of 1573. His father was a stone-cutter from whose instruc- tion he passed to that of Pierre Bontemps. .t the age of twenty-three he was engaged with Pierre Bontemps in the execution of a fine monu- ment of Francis I. in the Church of Saint Denis. In 1561 was undertaken the extremely im- portant group in the Louvre of three Graces supporting a bronze vase, which formerly con- tained the heart of Henry II. After the year 1565 Pilon was much occupied with the decora- tion of the monument of Henry II. in Saint Denis. All the sculpture of this monument was formerly attributed to him. but it is now known that only the kneeling statue of the Queen and the reclining statue of the King are his. Other equally fine work on this monument is by Frenivn RJoussel, Laurent Regnauldin. Dominique Floren- tin. and Girolamo della Robbia. One of the most charming of the works attributed to Pilon is the mantel now in the Louvre which formerlv stood