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RHODES. 108 RHODESIA. Speeches of Cecil lihodes (Loniloii, 1000), is eulo- gistic, but contains much original material; "Im- perialist," Cecil Ifliudcs, a Bio(jniiihy iiiid Apinc- cidtioii (ib., 18117 ). is favorable and well written. The best life on the whole is that b^' llensnian, Cecil lihodes (ib., 1002), favorable, but not alto- gether apologetic. Stead, in the licvieio of Re- views (1002), gives a remarkable study of the psycliology of Rhodes. RHODES, James Ford (1848—). An Ameri- can liistDrian, born in Cleveland, Ohio, May 1, 1848. He was educated in the pul)lic schools and at the universities of New York and Chi- cago, but he did not graduate, though the degree of LL.D. was afterwards eonfen'ed upon him. He was Paris correspondent of the Chicago Times (1807-08) and made journeys of in- dustrial investigation in Gernuiny and Eng- land, which he continued afterwards in the Southern United States. Then he engaged in business in Cleveland, Ohio, until 1885, when he retired and devoted himself to a History of the United States from the Compromise of ISoO, a political narrative and analysis of the events growing out of slavery, the Civil ^^'ar, and the reconstruction era, giving special prominence to Congressional and other political debates and to characterizations of public men, and emphasiz- ing the influence of public opinion. The first two volumes (1802) carry the narrative to 1860; the third (1895) to 1862; the frflirth (1001) to the close of the war. He became president of the American Historical Association in 1899 and was awarded an important German prize for his researches. His narrative, although based mainly on Northern sources, is impartial and sober, and is generally considered to be the best work cover- ing the period treated, RHODES, Law of. A code apparently drawn up by the Rhodians at the time of their great naval power in the third century B.C., though it is only known from the references in Roman law. The code was declared binding by Antoninus Pius, in so far as it did not conflict with Roman law, but its provisions are not known, except that "if cargo is thrown overboard to lighten a ship, all must contribute to make good the loss incurred for the beneflt of all," a doctrine still ac- cepted in maritime law. The treatise, his Navale Rhodiorum, is nothing but a group of media-val forgeries. See Consolato del Make; Oleeon, Laws of. RHODESIA, rod'zl-a or ro-de'shl-a, North- ern. A division of British Central Africa, under the administration of the British South Africa Company. It comprises the territory bounded by the Congo Free State and German East Africa on the north, the British Central Africa Protectorate and 'Portuguese East Africa on the east, the Zam- bezi River on the south, and Portuguese West Africa on the west (Map: Congo, E 0). It is divided into Northeastern and Nortlnvestern Rhodesia, the latter being also known as Barotse- land. Unlike Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia has been only slightly explored and is still practically held by the'natives. Barotseland or Northwestern Rhodesia is under the rule of King Lewanika, who, however, is advised by a resident of the British South Africa Company, His chief kraal is on the eastern bank of the Zambezi, at Lialui, Gold and coal have been found, Barotseland is well watered and fer- tile, but its climate is unhcalthful. North- eastern Rhodesia is divided into nine districts, with Fort Jameson as the seat of administration. The population of Northern Rhodesia is estimated at aliout 400,000, The Europeans in Northeastern Rhodesia numbered 105 in 1001. RHODESIA, Southern. A British South African protectorate under the administration of the British South Africa Companj-. It occupies the territory between the Zambezi on the north, the Limpopo on the south, Portuguese East Afri- ca on the east, and the British Bechuanaland Protectorate on the west, comprising the conn- tries of Matabeleland and Mashonaland and the districts of Banyai, Maniea, and Makalaka(ifap: Cape Colon}', II 1). Its area is estimated at 175.- 000 square miles. The larger part of the country is an elevated veld, well wooded and studded ith granite kopjes which attain a considerable height in Mashonaland. The country is well watered by the tributaries of the Zambezi and the Limpopo and is covered with a luxuriant vege- tation. The climate is healthful in the ele- vated districts, which occupy the larger part of the country, but is malarial and oppressive in the valleys of the Zambezi and the Limpopo. The mineral deposits of Southern Rhodesia in- clude gold, coal, copper, silver, antimony, arsenic, and lead. Gold is found principally in the central part of Mashonaland in the valleys of the LTmtali and the Imbesi rivers. The gold deposits of Southern Rhodesia show traces of ancient work- ings. Their exploitation has been hindered by the lack of transportation facilities and of labor. The total output from 1890 to 1902 amounted to 194,170 ounces. Extensive coal de- posits were discovered in 1000 in the Wankies district, in the western part of Mashonaland, and a company has been formed for its exploitation. Apart from its rich mineral resources. Southern Rhodesia possesses a fertile soil and is well adapted for grazing. From 1890 to 1901 there were surveyed over 18,000,000 acres of land. Good crops of European cereals are raised. But the development of agriculture as well as that of the mineral industries is crippled by the scarcity of labor. Salisbury, the capital, is connected by rail with Cape Colony as well as with Beira, on the coast of Portuguese East Africa. From Bu- luwayo the line is being extended through the Wankies coal fields to Victoria Falls on the Zam- bezi and from there it is proposed to continue the road through Northern Rhodesia to Lake Tan- ganyika, A light railway line has also been completed from Salisbury to the Ayrshire mine in the Lomogundi district. The roads are over 3000 miles long. Salisbury and Buluwayo have licen organized into municipalities and are provided with all the institutions of modern cities. The administration of Sonthern Rhodesia is vested in the Briti.sh South Africa Company, but there is also a resident commissioner appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The executive council is composed of the resident commissioner, the administrators of the company, and not less than four members appointed by the company with the approval of the Secretary of State. The legislative council is made up of the administrator of the company, the resident com- missioner, five members appointed by the com- pany, and four members elected by the registered voters, two for each of the provinces of Mashona-