Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/446

SACHS. 406 SACKVILLE. comiuou man, in which you may find not only some trees bearing sweet fruit for the food of the liealthy, but roots and herbs sharp and bitter, for nu'dieine to purye sick minds and expel the pec- cant humors of vice. There you may find, too, frajirant violets, roses, and lilies from which to distill and pre|)are ])recious waters, oils, and es- sences that may strenjjthen and restore feeble, troubled, and weak minds ; and finally, weeds and field llowers, clovers, thistles, and lorntlowers. to make the j^loomy and melancholy ^ay and li^ht- hearted by their bright and beautiful colors." Sachs's work continued popular till the days of Opitz: then his fame sutfered almost total eclipse till it was revived by Goethe, especially through his Hans Sachscns Poelische ticnduiig (1770). The best edition is in 23 vols, by A. von Keller and C. Goetze in the liibliothek des Stuttgarter Litterarischen Vereinn (Stuttgart, 1886-96). The best selection is by Giideke and Tittmann in Deutsche Dichter des IBien Jahrhimderts (2d ed., Lei|)zig, 1883-85). Consult also Schweitzer, Etude sur la vie et les oeuvres de Hans /SVic/is (ancv. 1880); Drescher, Studicii ;:u Hans .S'dc/i.s" (Berlin, 1890 : Marburg, 1891); Gent>p, Hans tracks und seine Zcit ( 2d ed., Leipzig, 1902) ; Goetze, Huns Suehs (Nuremberg. 1894) ; Suphan, Hans .S'«c/is in Weimar (Weimar, 1894), and Hans fSachs: B umanitats:eit und Gegenwart (Wei- mar, 189i)) ; Hans Saehs-Forschungen (ed. by Stiefel. Nuremberg, 1894). SACHS, Julius von (1832-97). A German botanist, founder of the modern science of ex- jierimental vegetable physiology. He was bom in Breslau. After a year in Freiburg he became ])rofessor at the University of Wiirzburg in 1868, and built up there a great physiological labora- tory. Of especial importance were his re.searches on the influence of light, natural and colored, on plant assimilation, and on heliotropic curves. In the matter of assimilation of starch and its test by iodine applications, and of culture in nutrient solutions, his work was that of a pioneer, and the same may be said of his law of the 'three cardinal ])oints' in the relation of germination to temperature and of his work on tropism. He wrote: Handbuch der Experimentalphysi- ologie der Pflunxen (1865) ; a Lehrbuch der Bo- tanik (1800); Vorlesungen iiber Pflanzetiphysi- ologie (1S62); (leschiehte der Botanik (1875; Knglish translation, 1890) : and Gesammelte Ab- hiindlunyen iihcr Pfl(m::enphysiologie (1892-93). SACHSENSPIEGEL, ziik'sen-shpe'gel (Ger., Mirror of Saxony). The best German law treatise of the Middle Ages. It was a private compila- tion of the customary law of Saxony, made by Eike von Repgow, c.1230. Although not authori- tative, it had much influence and was the source of other treatises on law. The best edition is by Homeyer (3 vols., Berlin, 1835-44). Consult Stobbe, Geschichte der deutschen Rechtsquellen, vol. i. (Brunswick, 1864). SACK (Fr. sec, from Lat. siccus, dry). A name given in England in the seventeenth century to the strong white wines from the south of Europe. Originally the term applied to dry light-colored wines, and to the punch made by sweetening and flavoring them. SACK'ETTS HAKBOR. A village in Jeffer- son County. N. Y.. 11 miles west of Watertown; on Black River Bay, Lake Ontario, and on the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg branch of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (Map: New York, D 2). Ma<U.son Barracks (q.v.). a United States military post; Fort Tompkins Park, the scene of a battle in the War of 1812: and a United States naval station, arc noteworthy features. Sacketts Harbor is admir- ably situated, but its commercial and industrial interests are insignificant. Population, in 1890, 787: in 1900, 126(3. Founded b}' Augustus Sackett in 1801, Sack- etts Harbor had a score of houses by 1812, and was the centre of a considerable trade with Can- ada. During the War of 1812 the frigates .S'upc- rior and Madison were built here in SO days and 45 days respectively. On May 29, 1813, the place was unsuccessfully attacked by a British force under Prevost. The English lost 259 in killed, wounded, or missing, while the Americans lost only 23 killed and 114 wounded. Consult an ar- ticle by Willcox, "Sacketts Harbor and the War of 1812," in Jefferson County Historical Hociety^ Transactions (Watertown, 1886-87). SACK'VILLE, Charles, sixth Earl of Dorset (1638-1700). An English poet and patron of letters at the Court of Charles II. Immediately after the Restoration, he was elected to Parlia- ment. For some years he lived a very dissipated life, engaging in several disgraceful 'frolics.' In 1065 he served as a volunteer against the Dutch, and after this lived a life of leisure, gaining a de- served reputation for- his «it and his patronage of letters. Dryden dedicated to him the Essay of Dramatic Poesy and introduced him under the name of Eugenius into the dialogue of this fa- mous piece of criticism. He was also a friend of Waller. Butler, and Wycherley, and was be- loved by Prior in the next generation. He lost some of his prestige under .James 11.. but regained it under William. On the death of his father (1677) he succeeded to the earldom; in 1691 he was honored with the Garter; and he served three times as Regent during King William's ab- sences. Sackville's reputation as poet now rest.s mainly upon the poem beginning, " To All Y'ou Ladies Now at Land." It is said to have been written at sea on the night before the great naval battle with the Dutch (June 3, 1665). Consult Johnson's Lives of the Poets: Ward's English Poets (vol. ii.) : and the Musa Proterva, ed. A. H. Bullen (London, 1889). SACK'VILLE, Geobge Germain, first Vis- count (1716-85). An English soldier and states- man. He was the third son of the first Didce of Dorset and was educated at Westminster School and at Trinity College, Dublin. He served with the Duke of Ctimberland, was wounded at Fon- tenoy, and was promoted to be lieutenant-general. As commander -of the British forces in Germany, he served under Ferdinand of Brunswick, but for his failure to carry out the order of the commander-in-chief to charge the retiring French cavalry and infantry at the battle of Min- den in 1759, was dismissed from the service, a sentence that was confirmed bj' the court-martial, that he demanded. He was reinstated in royal favor by George III., and, as Lord Germain, be- came Secretary of State for the Colonies in the Cabinet of Lord North during the American Revo- lutionary War. incurring a share of the odium at- tached to that statesman's policy. He was raised to the peerage as Viscount Sackville in 1782.