Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/751

SCHWIND. 681 SCHYNSE. Munich he decoratid in fiiiaiLstic a room in the palace (1832-34) and painted sixty watereolor designs, from the life of Charlemagne, for llohen- schwangau Castle. After several years in Konie he was called to Karlsruhe to decorate the now Kunsthalle, and there also executed allegorical compositions for the session-room of the L'pper Chamber, and in oil "Kniglit Kurt's Bridal Vro- cession" (1838, Karlsruhe lialk-ry). In 1844 he removed to Frankfort, where he painted for the StUdel Institute "The Singers' Contest at the Wartburg" (1840), and thence went to JIunich in 184", as professor at the Academy. In the Wartburg he painted in 1853-56 frescoes illus- trative of the life of Saint Elizabeth, of the his- tory of the first landgraves, and of the Singers' Contest. In 1859 he designed thirty-four cartoons for windows in Glasgow Cathedral, and in 1804 ten for a window in Saint iliohael's, London. Schwind's works show great idyllic and poetic feeling, and it has often been remarked that his three great aquarelle cycles, "Cinderella" (1854), "The Seven Ravens" (1858, Weimar ilnseum), and "The Beautiful Jlelusina" ( 1870, Vienna Museum), glorify the virtues and heroism of women. Technically he was essentially 'old Ger- man,' and he ranks as a great Romanticist. Besides those already mentioned, his works in oil include "The Wedding .Tourney," "Count Gleiehen Returning from the Crusades," and six- teen others (Schack Gallery, ilunich); "Father Rhine" (Raezynski Gallery. Berlin) ; "The Rose" (1847, National Gallery, Berlin] : and "A Sym- phony" after Beethoven ( 1849, Xew Pinakothek, Munich). In 1800-08 he execiited a cycle in fresco from the "ilagie Flute." in the Loggia, and sixteen operatic scenes in tempera, in the foyer of the Opera House at Vienna. Besides some clever etchings there are unnumbered in- genious and humorous designs of all kinds to his credit. For his biography, consult Lukas von Fiihrich (Leipzig, 1871)," Holland (Stuttgart, 18731. and Haack (Bielefeld, 1898). SCH'WOB, shwob, Mayer Andr:^ Marcel ( 1807-1905 ) . A French author, born at Chaville. He studied at Xantes and passed his licence is lettrcs in 1888. Between 1891 and 1900 he wrote some rather unusual stories and novels, such as Cceiir double, Lc Roi an iiwsqiie d'or, Le Hire de iloneUe, Mimes, Lri parte des rcres. In 1894 he pidilished a translation of Defoe's Moll Flanders, and in 1898, with Eugene ilorand, translated Hamlet for ilme. Sarah Bernliardt. The inten- tion was to translate both the lines and atmos- phere of the play, but the attempt was not suc- cessful. He made exhaustive studies in the life and times of Villon, gaining recognition as one of the first authorities on the subject, and in 1902 collaborated with F. Marion Crawford in a play. Frnnrcsra de Rimini. SCH'WYZ, shvits. One of the forest cantons of Switzerland, .separated by the Lake of Zurich on the north from the cantons of Zurich and Saint Gall, and bounded by the Canton of Glarus on the east. Uri and Lake Lucerne on the south, and Lucerne and Zug on the west (Map: Switzer- ' land, CI). Area. 351 square miles. Schwyz be- longs wholly to the region of the Lower Alps. A central ridge having a maximum altitude of 7594 feet forms a divide between the watersheds of Lakes Lucerne and Zurich. On either side there are numerous branching spurs inclosing the valley of the Sihl on the north and that of the Muota on the south. From the latter rise the outhers of the Urner and Glarner Alps. .Schwyz is essentially a pastoral region ; stock- raising is the principal occupation. The supply of cereals is far below the domestic demand, and viticulture is on a limited scale. Thi' forests cover nearly one-fourth of the area. Marble and gypsum are found. The principal manufacturing indu.stry is cottou-spinning. Silk-weaving is de- veloped to some extent as a house industry. The economic life of the canton is aided by the heavy annual pilgrimage to Einsiedeln (q.v. ). The legislative assembly (Grosser Rat) is elect- ed for four years at the rate of one member to every 000 inhabitants. The executive council consists of 7 members elected by the people for four years. Proportional representation for elec- tion to the legislature prevails in all cominunities entitled to 3 or more members. The oliligatory referendum and the initiative are in force. Popu- lation, in 1900, 55.385, almost entirely Roman Catholic. German is mostly sjioken. Schwyz, which gives its name to Switzerland, was in early mediaeval times a free conununity tenacious of its rights, and frequently embroiled over pastoral privileges with the powerful Abbey of Einsiedeln, which eventually came under it^ protection. With Uri and liiterwalden it formed in 1291 the celebrated league of n'si^tance against Austria, and defeated the Austrian forces at ilorgarten Pass in 1315 and at Sempach in 1380. The second victor^' insured the independence of the Schwyzers and they subseipiently extended the avithority of the "Landsgemeinde" over a con- siderable territory. They streiuiously opposed the Reformation as members of the league formed to inaugurate the Counter-Reformation. In 1798 they spiritedly resisted the French, but sulfered severely during the French campaign against the Russians in Switzerland in 1799. Schwyz re- mained .stanchly conservative against constitu- tional changes and became a member of the .Son- derbund, sharing in the defeat of the Catholic cantons in the war of 1847, which was followed by a revision of the Constitution. SCH'WYZ. The capital of the Canton of Schwyz. in .'■Switzerland, situated in a deep basin formed by the Myten, the Rigi. and the Fnm- alpstock, about 10 miles southwest of Einsiedeln (Map: Switzerland, C 1). Its town hall, em- bellished with frescoes and portraits, and the parish church possess interest. Population, in 1900. 7398. SCHYNSE, shin'se, ArcrsT (1857-91). A German Catholic missionary and .Xfrican explor- er, born at Wallhausen and educated at Bonn. He attended the seminary at Sjieyer. became a priest in 1880, and in 1882 entered the .service of the African Mission and was active in the work in Algeria. After his return to Europe he taught at the mission houses of l^ille and Brussels. He was one of a mission expedition to the Congo in 1855. This trip he described in his diary, Ztrei Jnhre am Konrio (1889). In 1888 he made a trip to East .Africa and from there accompanied Stanley and F.niin Pasha to the coast. With Emin he went to the Victoria Xyanza and then spent almost a year in ex- plorations between that lake and Uganda. He wrote Mit fHanlei) inid Emin Pascha durrh Deutsch Ost-Afrika (1890). Consult: Hcspers,