paratively easy to proceed from this point to the reading of complicated stores. No one should attempt playing from score who has not a thorough knowledge of harmony as well as a fair knowledge of counterpoint. In reading a large score it is impossible to look at every individual note. A glance at the double-basses, violins, and horns, as a rule, will suffice to establish the particular chord. The fundamental bass part and the melodic outline must be strictly preserved, but the intermediate harmonics must be recognized at a glance and distributed on the spur of the moment. On account of the transposing instruments, skill in transposition is essential.
SCOREL, sko'rel, .Jan van (also Scuoheel and Schoorle) (1495-1562). A Dutch landscape, historical, and portrait painter, the first to bring the influence of the Italian Renaissance into Holland. He was born at Schoorl. near Alkmaar, studied under the brothers Jacob and Willem Cornelisz at Haarlem and Amsterdam, and finally became a pupil of Albert Dürer in Nuremberg. Subsequently he went to Rome, where he was made overseer of the Vatican Gallery by his countryman, Pope Adrian VI. His pictures are now rather scarce, as many of them were destroyed by the Dutch iconoclasts. There are a "Magdalen," a "Queen of Sheba," a "Bathsheba," and an "Adonis," in the museum at Amsterdam: a Madonna and portraits of a man and of a boy, in Rotterdam; "The Fall of Man," "The Baptism of Christ," "Saint Cecilia," and a portrait group of Knights Templars at Haarlem.
SCORESBY, skōrz'bi, William (1789-1857). An English Arctic explorer and physicist. He was born near Whitby. Yorkshire. When only eleven years of age the boy accompanied his father, a whaler, to Greenland and afterwards he was his constant companion on his voyages. During the winter months he studied in Edinburgh University, navigation, mathematics, natural history, chemistry, and some other branches. After 1800 he began the study of the meteorology and natural history of the Arctic regions, and attracted the attention of scientific men by his careful and accurate papers on these topics. In 180(5, while chief officer on his father's ship Resolution. he reached latitude 81° 30' N. in longitude 19° E., the most northern point authentically known to have been attained up to that time. His father and he saw the unknown coasts of East Greenland in their voyages of 1817 and 1821. It was in 1822. however, that Scoresby made his most important voyage. Early in June he was near enough to Greenland to chart the coast from Cape Hold with Hope (discovered and named by Hudson in 1007 on the north side of the entrance of Franz .Josef Fiord in 73° 30' N.) to Gale Hamke Bay. 75° N.. named after its Dutch discoverer in 1654. During the next three months he surveyed and charted with great care and accuracy 800 miles of winding coasts, completely changing the supposed geographic features of East Greenland.
Scoresby afterwards entered the Church and was appointed curate of Bassingby in 1825. His scientific labors, however, ended only with his life. He contributed largely to the knowledge of terrestrial magnetism, made a voyage to Australia in 1856 to obtain new data on this subject, wrote many papers for the Royal and other societies on this and other branches of science, and made valuable observations on the height of Atlantic waves during two visits to America. He was also much interested in social problems and especially in improving the condition of factory operatives. His Arctic books are History and Description of the Arctic Regions (1820), and Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale Fishery, Including Researches and Discoveries on the Eastern Coast of Greenland (1823). His Journal of a Voyage to Australia for Magnetical Research was published in 1859, after his death. His nephew. Dr. R. E. Scoresby. Jackson, published Life of William Scoresby (London, 1801).
SCORPÆNIDÆE, skōr-pē'ni-dê (Neo-Lat. nom.
pl., from Lat. scorpana, from Gk. (
Greek characters),
skorpaina, sort of fish, from (Greek characters), skorpios,
scorpion). A very large and important family
of spiny-rayed fishes, the rockfishes (q.v.). The
body is elongate, compressed, and bears etenoid
scales. The head is large and armed to a greater
or less extent with ridges or spines. The mouth
is usually large, the teeth villiform. The dorsal
fin is long, the anterior portion spinous; the
anal short, with three spines, and 5 to 10 soft
rays. Many of the species are viviparous, the
young being when born about one-fourth inch
long. They are non-migratory fishes, inhabiting
the rocky margins of all seas, especially the temperate Pacific. The family includes about 30
genera and 250 species, many of them of large
size and all good as food-fishes. Many of the
species are reddish and are hence called 'rose-fishes' ( q.v.).
SCORPION (Lat. scorpio, from Gk. ((Greek characters).
skorpios, scorpion). One of the tailed arachnids
of the order Scorpionida, natives of warm countries in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. The body is divided into a short, compact, leg-bearing cephalothorax and a long segmented abdomen. The last five segments of the
An image should appear at this position in the text.SCORPION1. Full figure of Scorpafer 2. mouth-parts. enlarged. a. cheliceræ b. lateral ocelli; c. centrallarge ocelli; d. maxillary palpli; e. telson (the sting)
abdomen form a slender, tail-like portion. The terminal
segment is modified into,
curved sharp sting provided
with two pores from which
the poison flows. The poison
is supplied by two poison
glands at the base of the segment. To the cephalothorax
are attached six pairs of appendages. The first pair
(mandibles) is short, the
second pair (palpi) long,
and both pairs bear pincers.
Those of the palpi are very
large and resemble lobster
claws. The four succeeding
pairs of appendages are true
legs. The abdomen is without appendages save the second segment, which bears
two comb-like organs, the
pectines. the function of which is not known.
There are four spiracles or breathing pores on
each side of the abdomen. There are from three to
six pairs of eyes. The sexes differ in the broader
pincers and longer abdomen of the male. They
are viviparous and the mother carries her young
about with her for some time after they are born.
They cling to all parts of her body by means of
their pincers. Scorpions feed on spiders and
