The history of Scotland since the Union cannot be separated from that of Britain, Great (q.v.). The most important change that has come over the country is its transformation from an agricultural to an industrial community. A disastrous change in the land tenure and population of the Highlands occurred as a result of the gallant participation of the clans in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745-46. The Highland language and customs were suppressed by law, and the tribal ownership of land was abolished. As a result the lords converted the common lands into sheep walks and deer parks, compelling the tribesmen to migrate, unless they wished to remain as tenants at will, under wretched conditions. These evils were only in part remedied by the Crofters Act of 1880.
Bibliography. Geikie. Geological Survey of Scotland (London, 1801-05); Leslie, The Early Races of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1800): id.. The Gaelic Topography of Scotland (ib., 1800); Johnston, Historical Geography of the Clans of Scotland (London, 1872); Lauder. Scottish Rivers (ib., 1874): Mackintosh. History of Civilization in Scotland (ib., 1878-83); Anderson, Scotland in Early Christian Times (Edinburgh, 1881): id., Scotland in Pagan Times (ib.. 188.386): Rogers, Social Life in Scotland (Loiulon, 1884-80); Geikie, Scenery of Scotland Viewed in Connection with Its Physical Geography (2d ed., ib., 1887): Argyll, Scotland as It Was and as It Is (Edinburgh, 1880); Kerr, Scottish Banking (London, 1897); Munro, Prehistoric Scotland and Its Place in European Virilization (Edinburgh, 1899): Rhvs, Celtic Britain (London, 1SS4): Lansdale, Scotland Historic and Romantic (Philadelphia, 1902): Graham, Social Life in Scotland in the Eighteenth Century (2d ed,, London, 1900). Sources: Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, ed. Skene (Edinburgh, 1867); Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland, 1286 to 1306, ed. Stephenson (Edinburgh, 1870); Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland, ed. Palgrave (Record Commission, 1837); Rotuli Scotio, 1201-1613 (Record Commission, 1814-19); Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, Preserved in the Public Record Office, 1108-150!), ed. Bayne (Edinburgh. 1881-88); Publications of the Scottish Historical Society (12 vols.. Edinburgh, 1887-90): Publications of the Banatyne Club (23 vols., Edinburgh, 1829-67); Publications ejf the Muitland Club (21 vols., Edinburgh, 1830-54). For the ancient laws and customs of the burghs, consult the Publications of the Scottish Burgs Record Society (12 vols.. Edinburgh, 1868-81). For parliamentary development. Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, _ri:?.'/-;7'07( Record Commission. Edinburgh, 1814-24). For the early period, consult: Skene. Celtic Scotland (Edinburch. 1870-80): Robertson. Scotland Under Her Earhi Kings (ib.. 1862): Inness, Sketches of Early Scottish History (ib.. 1861). For the later period. Tytler. History of Scotland from. Alexander III. to the Union (ib.. 1806); and the general works, among the best of which is Burton. History of Scotland (new ed.. ib., 1890). The best popular history embodying the results of modern research is that of Lang (New York, 1900). Consult also that of Brown (Cambridge, 1899).
SCOTLAND, Church of. See Presbyterianism.
SCOTLAND YARD. A building at the south-eastern corner of Charing Cross, London, England, long famous as the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Force. It derives its name from a palace assigned from the time of Edgar to Henry II. as the residence of the Scottish kings whenever they should desire to visit London. New Scotland Yard, the police headquarters since 1800, is on the Thames Embankment.
SCOTS GREYS. The oldest dragoon regiment in the British Army. It was raised in Scotland in 1683 and is mounted entirely on gray chargers. Throughout its history it has been one of the most distinguished regiments in the British service. The uniform differs from the other British dragoon regiments, in that Bearskin Busbies (q.v.) are worn instead of the dragoon helmet. Its present title is the Second Dragoons, Royal Scots Greys regiment of cavalry.
SCOTT, Austin (1849- ). An American educator, born in Maumee, Ohio. He graduated at Yale in 1869, spent a year in graduate study at the University of Michigan, and in 1871-73 studied history at Berlin and Leipzig. From 1873 to 1875 he was instructor in German at the University of Michigan; became in 1876 an associate in history in the newly established Johns Hopkins University, where he organized and directed the seminary of American history. During this period he also assisted George Bancroft in collecting and arranging the material for his History of the Constitution of the United States. In 1883 he became professor of history and economics at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., and in 1890 succeeded Merrill E. Gates in the presidency of the institution.
SCOTT, Charles(1733-1813) An American RECOVER REMAINDER OF TEXT
SCOTT, Clement (1841-1904). An English journalist and author, born in London, October 6, 1841, and educated at Marlborough School. He entered the War Office as clerk in 1860, and retired on a pension in 1877. He then joined the editorial staff of the Daily Telegraph, to which paper he had contributed dramatic criticisms since 1872. He subsequently became editor of a critical weekly called The Free Lance. He is the author of Lays of a Londoner (1882): Lays and Lyrics (1888): Round About the Islands (1880); Poppy Land Papers (1880): Pictures of the World (1894); Among the Apple Orchards (1805); and Sisters by the Sea (1897), all delightful sketches. He is author, or part author, of the following plays: Diplomacy: The Vicarage: Off the Line: The Cape Mail: Peril: The Crimson Cross; Odette; Tears, Idle Tears; and Sister
