SEBASTOPOL. 743 SECESSION. extensive docks along the shore. The climate is very healthful and pleasant. The cily has fully recovered from the eliects of the Crimean War. but its commerce has been dcUceted almost entirely to Feodosia, and the harbor is used mostly as a naval station. There are monuments to the heroes of tlie Crinieau War and two mu- seums. The princijial industries are shipbuild- ing and wineniaUing. Sebastopol forms with the surrounding' country a separate administrative district. The population of the city proper, in 18!i7. was 44,01ti. The Greek colony of Cher- sonesus, situated near the present site of Sebas- topol. was well known to the Russians under tho name of Koisiiii at the period of the introduc- tion of Christianity into IJussia. In the six- teenth century the Tatar settlement of Akhtiar was founded here. In 1784 the town of Sebasto- pol was founded by Catharine 11., and in 1804 it liccame the chief naval station of Russia on the Black Sea. It was strongly fortified under Nicholas I. See Crimean War. SEBENICO, sa-ba'ne-ko (Slav, ^ibenik). A town in tlie Crownland of Dalm.itia. Austria, at the mouth of the Kerka in the .Adriatic. 170 miles soutlieast of Triest (Jlap: Austria. K .i). It is built on a steep slope, and was fonnerly defended by walls and towers. The town has an excellent harbor, connected with the sea by a canal. There is considerable shipping trade. Po[uilation (commune), in 1900,24,751. SEBILLOT, sa'be'yo', Paul (1843 — ). A French painter and folk-lore writer, born at Matignon, Cotes-du-Nord, and educated at Rennes. He went as a young man to Paris to become a notary, but turned instead to paint- ing. Between 1870 and 1883 he exhibited more than twenty pictures in the Salon. His sketches of out-of-the-way corners in Brittany introduced iiim to the subject to which he afterwards de- voted himself, that of folk-lore study. In 1885 he founded and edited the Revue tics Traditions Populuircs. His works on folk-lore include: Contes populaires tie la Haute Bretofine (3 se- ries, 1880-82) ; Traditions et superstitious de la Haute Bretagnc (1882); Oargautua dans les traditions populaires (1883); Contes des pro- vinces de France (1884) ; and Legendes,croyances et superstitions de la mer (1880-87). SEBOREHCEA (Xeo-Lat.. from Lat. sebum, talbnv + Gk. pola, rlioia, flow, from pctv. rhein, to How). A disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by an increased flow of their secre- tion. Seborrhcea may invade the hairy parts, appearing in one of four varieties: (1) Dry se- borrhoea ; (2) concrete seborrhoea : (3) oily se- borrhoea; (4) circinate seborrhoeie eczema; or it may invade the smooth parts, appearing as (1) seborrhoea sicca; (2) seborrhoea eoncreta : ( 3 ) seborrhcea oleosa: or (4) seborrhoea corporis. All these varieties are characterized by the formation of collections of sebum with dust, scales of the epidermis, and crusts, more or less oily, more or less gray or dark. It is probably parasitic: btit while many parasites have been discovered in eczema seborrlia?icum, their precise role is yet undetermined. Seborrho-a is the most frequent cause of baldness, and needs treatment by a physician. Besides internal tissue-builders, tonics, and special food, local ap|dications of belladonna, benzoin, sulphur, chloral, salicylic acid, ichthyol, and green soap are useful in se- lected cases. SECANT. See Ta.ngent; Trigo.nomctry. SECCHI, sekV, PiKTRo Ax«;ei.o (1818 78). .
Italian astronomer, born at lii'ggio. He
joined tin- .lesuit Order in 1833, and after study- ing in Italy. Kngland. and at Ge(jrgelown Col- lege in Washington, 1). C.. he served for a time as professor of matheniatics and physic.; at the latter institution. He be<ame director of the ob- servatory of the Konmn College in 184!». and wa.s permitted to remain in that pnsilion after the expulsion of the .Jesuits, 1870-73. His discov- eries in .solar physics and spectroscopy were nunu'rous anil important, ami he also made mag- netic and meteorological observations, .mong his works are: Vatnlugo dclle sletle (18071 ; .Voii ricerchi suite prot uheran:c soliiri ( 180!)) ; I'isaca solarc (180!)): I'csearehes oii Elcrlrivnl llheo- melry (Smithsonian Contributions, vol. viii.. 1852) ; Le soldi (1870) ; and Le stellc, sugyi di astrononiia sidrrale I The Stars. v<d. xxxiv. of the International Scientific Library. Leipzig, 1878"). Consiilt Pohle, Angela Secchi (Cologne, 1883). SECESSION (Lat. secessio, separation, schism. fiiuM scccdere, to go apart, from se-. apart -|- cedere, to yield, depart, go). In I'nited States history, the term applied to the withdrawal of a State from the I'nion. The word 'secession' seems to have been first us<>d in the debates in the Philadclphiii Convention on .July 5, 1787. by Elbridge Gerry, who remarked that unless son)e compromise should be made "a secession would take place." The idea of secession appeared in New England about fifteen years after the forn)a- tion of the Union in connection with the acipiisi- tion of Louisiana. This addition of territory was strongly opposed by the New England I'ederal- ists through fear that ultimately it would i-e- sult in the destruction of New England's pre- dominance in the Union. Annexation of Loni-^- iana was vigorously resisted as unconstitutional without the consent of ;ill the States, inasmuch as the Constituti<m was alleged to have been made only for the original thirteen States. .Jefferson's Endiargo .ct and the War of 1812 led to considerable disatTcetion in New England, which culminated in the Hartford Convention (q.v.). The members of that body, however, afterwards denied that the subject of secession was broached in any form and its journal does not inilicate any trace of such a discussion. In IS32 the nullilic:ition n)ovemcnt in .'>outii Carolina, provoked by dissatisfaction with the newly estab- lished protective tariff, seemed to threaten tho stability of the Union, .fter this the history of .secession is inextricably bound up with the question of slavery. During the next thirty years isolated threats of secession were frequently made in the South whenever Northern hostility ap- peared to imperil the interests of slavery. Nor did the idea entirely die out in New England. where at the time of the agitation over the annexation of Texas a number of anti-slaveiy Whig mendiers of Congress, headed by .John (Jriincy Adams, issued an address to their con- stituents declaring that annexation would fully justify a dissolution of the I'nion. The question which brought the secession movement to a head related to the exclusion of
