Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/141

SHIRLEY. 109 SHOA. this period he moved to London and began his career as phiywri^ht. Before tlie theatres were closed by aet of Parliament in l(i42. lie pro- duced about forty plays, most of which have survived. He was befriemled by the Court, for which he composed many masques. He shared in the misfortunes of the Royalists during the Civil War. Surviving until after the Restora- tion, he became an important literary figure. He died during the great (ire of ItiliU, and was buried in Saint Giles's chureh3-ard. Shirley car- ried on the traditions of the Elizabethan drama and served as a link to the new drama after the Restoration. He essayed both' traged.v and com- edy. Of his plaj:s may he cited: The Witty Fair One (1028), a good comedy; The Wedding (162G), a still better comedy; The Traitor (lti31), a powerful tragedy; Hyde Park (1032), a comedy; The (lantester (1633), a comedy re- vived by Garriclc; The Lady of Pleasure (HJ35), perhaps his most brilliant comedy; and The Cardinal (1641), a strong tragedy. Of his masques. The Triumph of Peace, performed be- fore the King and Queen (1634), is regarded as the best. Consult: Dramatic Works and Poems, with notes by Gift'ord and Dyce (London, 1833) ; Shirley, selected plays, ed. by Gosse (Slermaid Series, ib., 1888) ; and Ward, English Dramatic Literature (revised cd., ib., 1899). SHIRLEY, Selina Hastixcs. The Countess of Huntingdon. See Hvntixgdon. SHIRLEY, Walter (1725-1786). An Eng- lish revivalist and hymn-writer. In 1746 he graduated 15. A. from New College, Oxford, and became rector of Loughrea, in Gal way. Through his cousin the Countess of Huntingdon (q.v. ) he became acquainted with Wliiteiield (q.v.) and the Wesleys (qq.v. ), whose opinions he strenu- ously advocated within the Established Church. Though retaining his living, he made frequent preaching tours through England and Ireland. The revivalist phase of his labors is represented by Gospel Repentance (1760) and Twelre Ser- mons (1761). He is now best known for several hymns in common use, as "Source of light and power divine." and "Go, destined vessel, heavenly freighted, go!" (composed on the departure of missionaries to America, 1772). SHIRLEY, William (1693-1771). An American colonial governor, born at Preston, in Sussex, England. After being called to the bar, he emigrated to ^Massachusetts, where he was appointed a commissioner in the boundary dis- pute between JIassaehusetts and Rhode Island, and while discharging his duties as such in 1741 was appointed Governor of the colony. He used his inliuence against the disastrous financial policy of the Legislature and tried to induce that body to grant him a regular salary, hut was unsuccessful in both efforts. On the outbreak of King George's War. he organized the expedi- tion which captured Louisburg in 174.5. Soon afterwards he persuaded the colonists to apply the money they had received from the British treasury in reimbursement of their expenses on this occasion to the redemption of their paper currency. In 1749 he went to London to urge the settlement of the boundary disputes between the Xew England and the Canadian colonists, and in 17.53 was appointed one of the British commissioners in the fruitless negotiations at Paris. In the latter year he was reinstalled as Governor of Massacliusdts. On the death of liraddock, in 1750. he was appointed commander- in-cliief of the British fori'cs in Xortb America, but was soon called to England. Sbirley was jiromoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1759, and was for a time Governor of the Bahamas. In 1770 he returned to Massachusetts, where he died. He jjublished a Journal of the >Sieye of Louisburg (1745) ; The Conduct of Gen. ^'illialn Shirley Hriefly Stated (1758) ; and two or three pieces of fiction. SHIRWA, sher'wii. A lake in Southeast Cen- tral Africa, on the boundary- between Portuguese East Africa and the British Central African Pro- tectorate, 00 miles southeast of Lake Xyassa (Map: Africa. H 0). It is about 40 miles long and 18 miles wide, is surrounded by high moun- tains, and has no outlet, its water being brackish. It is gradually' drying up ; it formerly overlluwed its barriers and discharged into the Lujeuda River. SHI'SHAK (Heb. HhJshnq) . A king of Egypt in the days of Solomon and Rehoboani, mentioned in the First Book of Kings, and iden- tical with Sheshonk, the first King of the 22d or Bubastite dynasty. His name is found in the portico built by this dynasty at the great tem- ple of Karnak. and on several statues of the goddess Pasht, which probably came from Luxor. Jeroboam fled to Shishak from Solomon (I. Kings xi. 20-40) : when the latter died he left Egypt, and headed the rebellion against Reho- boani which resulted in the division of the king- dom of David into the two States of Israel and .Judah (I. Kings xii.). In the fifth year of Rehoboam, Shishak, according to the biblical account, marched to Jerusalem with a large army. He took the city, the treasures of the temple, and all the gold bucklers which Solomon had made (I. Kings xiv. 25-20). The conquest of Palestine is recorded on the monuments of Karnak, where Sheshonk is represented dragging before the god Ammon three files of prisoners; various names of places are mentioned, among them Rabbath. Haphariam, Mahaniam, and other Israelitish towns. In all, no less than 150 Pales- tinian cities are enumerated by Sheshonk. His expedition, however, is insignificant when com- pared with Asiatic campaigns of the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties. Consult : W. Jlax Miiller, .Isr'en und Europa, pp. 166 et seq. (Leip- zig. 1893) ; Shishak's monument is pictured in Lepsius, Denknmler (Berlin, 1849-59). SHITTIM WOOD (Heb. shiffhn, for shintah, Ar. sanf, Egypt, shant, acacia tree). The wood of which the ark of the covenant was made (Ex. XXV. 10: Deut. x. 3). It is generally identi- fied with the wood of the Acacia Nilotica, and the name (shitfah, for shintrih, sunt) is identical with the old Egv'ptian word for acacia. This is the characteristic tree of the desert brooks in the wilderness of Sinai and around the Dead Sea : it grows to the height of fifteen to twenty feet and has stiff, thorny branches. The wood is exceedingly hard and well suited for furniture. It is not attacked by insects. SHOA, shc/a. A division of Abyssinia, south- east of Amhara. Estimated area. 20.000 square miles; estimated population, 1.000.000 (Map: Africa H 4). It is an elevated country watered by the Hawash and the Blue Nile. It contains