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SHUBBICK. 125 SHURI. served on the Hornet and Constellation, became a liexitenant in 1813, assisted in defending Nor- folk against the British, and was attached to the Constitution at the time she captured the Vyune and the Levant in West Indian waters (1815). He took part in the ilexican War, com- manding the naval forces in the Pacific, and cap- turing several ports on the coast. In 1853 he became cliicf of the Bureau of Construction, and from 1S54 to 1858 served as chairman of the Lighthouse Board. In 1850 he commanded the fleet of nineteen vessels sent to Paraguay to exact reparation for firing on the United States steam- er ^yatencitch, and succeeded in obtaining both an apologj' and an indemnit}'. He remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. although a South Carolinian by birth. He was retired with the rank of rear-admiral in DecemVicr. 1801. SHUFFLE-BOARB, or SHOVEL-BOARD. An indoor game played by two or four persons with iron weights. These weights are slid along a board sprinkled with fine sand. The board is about thirty feet long ; the weights or pieces used in the game are two sets of four each, weighing about a pound each. The players are divided into opposing sides, each side using one of the sets of pieces. The board is sprinkled with fine sand and has lines drawn across it five inclies from each end, one for the starting line and one for the finishing line. Each player in turn slides his piece or pieces along the boaixl. which if it projects partly over the edge of the board scores three points for the player, and if it lie on the finish line or between it and the edge of the board it will score two points, and is said to be 'in;' the piece nearest the line scores one. In every round the players change ends. The game is for twenty-one points. When played on the decks of ocean steamers a figure is chalked on the deck and wooden weights are used. Instead of being pushed by the hand, a long staff with a curved end is used, each player taking his turn, but nothing being scored till the end of the round. In both games an enemy's weight may be knocked out of the game altogether or a friend's slioved in by a Idow from the succeeding player. In the steamer game the winner must make exactly fifty points, all in excess of that number being subtracted instead of a<lded. The origin of shuftle-board is probably similar to that of bowling, quoits, and curling. An evi- dence of its strong popularity is seen in the fact that during the reign of Henry '^^II. of England it was forliidden by law because it turned the people from the practice of archery. SHTJLCHAN ARUCH. See Talmud. SHULLXJHS, SHILLUHS. SHILHAS. or SHLTJHS. The name applied to the Berber tribes on the Adrar Jlountains in the Western Sahara and the northern slopes of the Atlas ^Mountains in ilorocco. They are Haniitic. but have an infusion of Semitic and of negro blood. In somatic and cultiiral respects they difl'er so little from their kinsfolk, the Haratin. Kabyles, and Tuarcgs (see H.ratix: Kabyles; Tuareg), that all four may bi' classed together as Berber (q.v.) or Imazighen (q.v.) . SHUMLA, shumla (Buls. f?umen. sh(5o'men). A town in the Principality of Bulgaria, situated among the foot-hills of the Balkans .about 60 miles west of Varna (Map: Balkan Peninsula, F 3 ) . Its position at the converging of several roads and near some of the principal passes over the Balkans gave it formerly great strategical importance, and it is still an ini])ortant military centre. The Turkish quarter of the town has a number of interesting mosques and other public buildings, while the Christian part is rather poorly built. The principal products are wine, silk, copper ware, and cloth. Population, in lilOO, '22.028, of whom about one-third W'cre Turks. Shumla fell into the hands of Sultan Annirath I. toward the end of the fourteenth century. It was strongly fortified in the eighteenth century and withstood three attacks bv the Russians, in 1774. 1810. and 1828. It was occupied by the Russians in 1878. SHUN-CHIH, shnn'che' (1638-61). The reign-title (1044-01) of Fu-lin, the first Emperor of the present Manchu dynasty. He was the ninth son of T'ien-tsung, under whom the JIanchus came into possession of Peking. T'ien-tsung died in September, 1643, and, his successor being still a child, the government was placed in the hands of his uncle as Regent, who immediately set about the consolidation of Manchu power, acting with great wisdom until his death in 1651. when Shun-chih took the reins of government into his own hands. He continued the policy of conciliation, leaving the Chinese officials in control of the civil admin- istration, and falling in with Chinese ideas, cus- toms, ceremonies, etc. Only one sign of servitude was insisted on — that of shaving the bead and wearing the queue. Shun-chih treated Roman Catholics with favor, and continued Adam Schall in his position of President of the Tribunal of Mathematics. He died in 1001 and was succeeded by his son, the famous K'ang-hi (q.v.). SHUNT (probably a variant of shunden. from AS. scipuhin. OHG. scuntan, to hasten, urge). A branch or a parallel circuit for the passage of a portion of an electric current flowing between two points on a conductor. As the amount of cur- rent flowing through the shunt depends upon its resistance, it is so constructed that this quantity is some definite fraction of the resistance of the principal conductor. Thus with a galvanometer, where a strong current would alter its sensitive- ness or do other injury, it is customary to em- ploy a shunt having |, J^, or ^J-,; the re- sistance of the galvanometer, allowing but X, TniTt oi" TBTTiT P^rt of the current to flow through the coils, and making it necessary to mul- tiply the deflection observed .on the tangent scale by 10, 100, or 1000, in order to determine the deflection that the entire current would pro- duce. In a shunt-wound dTiamo (See Dynamo- Electric ilAcmxERY) there is a branch circuit current through the fleld coils from the armature, so that only a portion of the current passes through these coils, though there is the same dif- ference of potential as at the commutator of the armature. Consult: Thompson. Elementary Les- sons in Eleetricitji and Magnetism (rev. ed., New- York, 1001) ; and Kempe, Electrical Testing (6th ed., London, 1900). SHTJR. See IMooN.TAn. SHURI, or SHIURI, shoo're'. The capit.al of the Kingdom of Loo-choo until the islands were entirely incorporated into the Empire of .Japan. (.See Loo-ciioo and Oki..wa. ) It stands about 3^4 miles inland from Napa (Map: