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SIDNEY. 141 SIEBOLD. The esteem in which Sidney was held by his coun- trymen was shown in the passion of grief with which the news of his death was received. His body was brought to England, and after lying for some time in state, was buried with great solemnity in the old Cathedral of Saint PauVts. The entire nobility went into mourning. The universities of Cambridge and Oxford issued three volumes of elegies on his death, and Spen- ser, in his Asirophel, mourned the loss of his friend. The love and admiration which Sidney won from his contemporaries were a tribute to the singular beauty of his character. His short life was marked by no brilliant achievement, and his literaiT genius would scarcely of itself have suf- ficed to account for the regard he inspired. But the purity and nobility of his nature, and the winning courtesies in which it expressed itself, took captive all hearts while he lived, and have since kept sweet his memory. "Sublimely mild, a spirit without spot," in Shelley's words, he lives in the history of his country, a rare and finished type of English character, in which the antique honor of chivalry is seen sliading into the graces of the modern gentleman. His Ar- cadia, overrim as it is with affectations, may still be recognized as a work of great merit. His other well-known work. Apologie for I'oetrie (1579), republished in 159S as Defense of Poesie (q.v.), will repay the attention of the reader. Many of his shorter poems, more especially some of his sonnets, are also of rare merit. Consult his Complete roeiiis, ed. by Grosart (London, 1877) : Apologi/ for Poelry, ed. by Shuckburgh (Cambridge. ISni ) ; MisceUaneoiis U'or/.s (Bos- ton, 1800: London. 1893) ; Davis, Life and Times of Sir Philii) Iriiditey (Boston. 18.i9) ; Ely. (7ia«- cer, Spenser, and Sidiicy (New York, 1894); Symonds, Sir Philip Sidney (London, 1886). SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. A college at Cambridge, Eng. It was foimded in 1.590 by the will of Lady Frances Sidney. Countess Dowager of Sussex. The college was foiuided on the site of the Franciscan or Grey Friars' House, estab- lished in 1240. and was called the College of Lady Frances Sidney Sussex. The house of the Franciscans had been suppressed in 15.38. and the site given to Trinity College. Trinity trans- ferred it to the new foundation. Sidney Sussex College was almost from the first a 'nursery of Puritanism,' and was the first college in Com- bridge to admit Scotch and Irish to membership. It consists of a master and ten fellows, thirty-six scholars, and about seventy-five undergraduates. It presents to eight livings. Oliver Cromwell was a member of Sidney Sussex College, though he did not take a degree. His portrait here is one of the best in existence. Among the 'other worthies of the college may be mentioned Thomas Fuller and Archbishop Bramhall. SI'DON (Heb. Shion, from sud. to hunt, to fish, or from Sid, name of a tribal god). A city of ancient Phoenicia, on the coast of the !Mediter- ranean, about 25 miles sotith of Beirut (Map: Turkey in Asia. F 6). It was situated on a promontory with an island in front, and pos- ses.sed a double harbor. It was specially famed for its purple dyes and its inhabitants are said to have discovered the manufacture of glass. ( For the ancient history of the city, see the article Phcenicia.) Sidon surrendered to the Moslems in 637 or 638. During the period of the Cru- sades it sulTered greatly and passed back and forth from ^ln)utnniiedans to Christians, ulti- mately remaining with the former. In the sev- enteenth century its importance revived; it be- came the seaport of Damascus, and for nearly 200 years had an important trade. The present town of Saida occupies the western portion of the site of the ancient cit.v. It has about 12,000 inhabitants, and is relatively unimportant as compared with Beirut, which has become the seaport of the district. Missionary establish- ments are maintained by both Protestants and Roman Catholics. The many tombs of the an- cient city have yielded a large number of interest- ing sarcophagi, including that of E.shmunazar, now in the Louvre, and the so-called sarcophagus of Alexander, now in Constantinople. See Phce- XICIAN Abt. SIDO'NIA, Order of. A royal Saxon order of merit for women, conferred for voluntary ser- vices in war and peace. It was established in 1870. The decoration is an eight-pointed cross of white enamel, edged with gold, suspended from a crowned wreath inclosing the initial S. SID'EA, Gulf of (Lat. Syrtis Maior). A large, open arm of the Jlediterranean Sea on the coast of Tripoli (Jlap: Africa, F 1). It is nearly 300 miles wide at the mouth, and extends inward from 75 to 125 miles. Its shores are low and bordered by shallow and dangerous waters, af- fording scarcely any harbors. The Gulf of Sidra forms the eastern angle of the larger rectangular gulf of the two Syrt^es, the western angle being now called the Gulf of Cabes (q.v.). SIEBENGEBIRGE, ze'ben-gc-ber'ge. A group of seven conical heights in the Rhine Province, Prussia, on the right bank of the Rhine, 22 miles above Cologne { Map : Prussia, B 3 ) . The chief peaks are the Oelberg (1522 feet), the Liiwen- burg, and the Drachenfels (q.v.). The scenery is strikingly picturesque, and the region is inti- mately connected with the historj- and legend of the surroiuiding country. SIEBOLD, ze'bult, K.rl Theodoe Ernst von (1804-85). A Ciernian physiologist and zoologist, born in Wiirzburg. In 1840 he was appointed to the chair of physiologv' at Erlangen, in 1845 at Freiburg, in 1850 at Breslau, and in 1853 at the University of Munich. Siebold was the orig- inator, after Cuvier, of the first important re- forms in systematic zoology, and established the iraicellular nature of the Protozoa, which he first combined into a phylum. He produced in 1856 an ejioch-making work, translated into English under the title "On a True Partheno- genesis in Moths and Bee.s" (1857). This was followed, in 1871, by a work in the same line {Beifnirie ^»r Parthen/jgencsis der Arthropoden) in which he established the fact of parthenogene- sis in two wasps, in a saw-fly. in several moths, and in certain phyllopod Crustacea. Besides many papers giving the results of special investi- gations among the lower animals, he was the author in 1848, with Stannius. of a manual of the anatomy of animals, in which he established the branch of animals called Arthropnda, His last general ^xork was a volume on the fresh- water fishes of Central Europe, in which he pointed out certain of the hybrid forms. With Kiilliker he founded the Zeitschrift fiir imssen-