Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/654

STERNBERG. 560 STERRETT. of the Court Opera at Strelitz; in 1875 director of the music school, and Court pianist at Scliwer- iii. He settled in the United States in 1885, becoming director of the College of Jlusic at At- lanta. Cia. In 1890 he became the head of the Sternberg .School of JMusic in Philadelphia. His tumpositions include some admirable pianoforte music. STERNBERG, George Miller (1838—). An American bacteriologist and army surgeon, born in Otsego County, N. V. He was graduated from the College of " Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, in 1800, and was appointed assistant surgeon in the United States Army in 1861 ; he served through the Avar. After the close of the Civil War he was assigned to several posts until 1875. when he was promoted to the rank of sur- geon and major. In 1870 he was sent to Havana, Cuba, by the National Board of Health as a member "of the yellow fever commission. In 1885 the American Public Health Association awarded to him the Lomb prize of $500 for his es- say on "Disinfection and Individual Prophylaxis Against Infectious Diseases." In 1893 Sternberg was made stirgeon-general of the United States Army, with the rank of brigadier-general, and in this capacity he directed the medical affairs of the United "States Army during the Cuban War. Among his published works are Photo- microyraphs (.ind How to Make Them (1883) and Malaria, and Malarial Diseases (1884). STERNE, Laurence (1713-68). An English author. He was born at Clonmel, in Ireland. Carried about in the regiment in which his father was an officer, he saw many phases of life in Ireland and England. From ten to eighteen he was at school at Halifax, in Yorkshire. Later he went to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1736. He was ordained two years later, probably with a view to taking the "family living of Sutton, near Y'ork, which was immediately given liim, to be followed in 1741 by the prebend in York Minster. In 1743 the living of Stillington. which carried with it another pre- bendal stall in the cathedral, was given to him. He passed twenty years in his Y'orkshire home, preaching curious sermons, associating with boisterous squires and reading Cervantes. Rabe- lais, and the old romances. He found himself suddenly famous when the first two volumes of his Tristram Hliandi/ apeared at Y'ork at the end of 1750. He went up to London, be- came the lion of the moment, and pub- lished a collection of sermons. In 1760 he was presented to the living of Cox- wold. There he Avent on with Tristram, publish- ing the ninth and last volume in 1767. During these years he spent nuich time in London and traveled on the Continent. The outcome of his tour in the autinnn of 1705 was A Sentimental Journey Throufih France and Italy (1768). Less than a month after its publication Sterne died in a London lodging. In 1775 appeared Letters to His Intimate Friends, with the fragment of an autobiography, edited by his daughter, and Letters from Torick to Eliza (i.e. Mrs. Elizabeth Draper! . Sterne's work reached a Avide popularity at onee, and had a folloAving in England, France, and Germany for years. His sentimentality, the deliberate self-conscious indulgence in feelings of pathos, became the fashion of the day. His Avork is curiously subjective, dependent upon the moods and Avhims of the moment; and its form- less, easy-going style, such a contrast to the ordered regularity Avhieh had marked Knglish prose from Dryden to Addison, thus admirably represents his thought. His characters are re- markable for their genuine hiunan quality, re- mote as they live from the interests of the ordi- nary people of the time, and belong to the small class of positive creations in literature. Consult the biographies bA' Fitzgerald (London, 1864; 2d ed. 1806) and Traill (ib., 1882); Stapfer, Lau- rence Sterne, sa personne et ses oucrages (Paris, 1870) ; Texte, Rousseau et le cosmoj)olitisme lit- teraire au XVIIlime siecle (ib., 1895) ; Thack- eray, &i(?Hs/i i/jtmoMrisis (London, 1853). His Avorks, collected in 1780, Avere reprinted Avith ncAvly discoAcred letters under the editorship of J. P. BroAvne (London, 1873). A convenient but less complete edition Avas edited by G. Saints- bury (London, 1894). STERN'HOLD, Thomas (e.1500-49). One of the authors of the metrical English Aversion of the Psalms. He Avas probably born in Gloucester- shire, England. According to Wood he studied at Christ Chtirch, O.xford, but did not take a degree. He held the office of groom of the robes to'llenry VIII. and Edward VI. The first edi- tion (undated, but about 1547) contains nineteen psalms. A second edition (1549) Avith additions by John Hopkins (d. 1570) contains 37. and in the complete psalter (1502) 40 bear the name of Sternhold. The rest Avere by Hopkins and several others. The rendering is very literal, but somewhat coarse and homely in phrasing. It was used in England long after the new version by Tate and Brady (1690). "Jly Shepherd is the Living God" (Psalm .xxiii.) is still current Consult .Tulian, Dictionary of Hymnolorjy (Lon- don and New York, 1892). STERNUM (Nco-Lat., from Gk. ariprnv, breast-bone), or Bre..st-Bone. A narroAv flat bone in the median line of the chest in front, giving attachment to the first se-en ribs through their costal cartilages and thus closing anteri- orly the thoracic cavity. In the adult it consists of three parts, the upper or manubrium, the middle or gladiolus, and the inferior or ensiform. A sternum is not present in fishes, batrachians, or serpents, but it does occur in all Avarm-bloodc vertebrates and reaches its highest development in the Hying birds, Avhere a heaA'y ridge or keel furnishes a joint of attachment for the poAverful muscles of the Avings. In the tortoise it is rep- resented by the loAver shell or plastron. STER'RETT, John Robert Sithington (1851—). An American classical scholar, born at Rockbridge Baths, Va. He Avas educated at the LTnivei-sity of Virginia and in Europe. Later he engaged in important archfeological expedi- tions in Asia Minor, the results of Avhich Avere published in the papers of the American School at Athens under the titles Wolf Expedition to Asia Minor (1885), Epigraphical Jonrnry in Asia Minor (1888). and also in Leaflets from the Notebook of a Trnrclinfj Archceolofjist (Texas, 1889). After holding professorships of Greek at Miami ITniversity and the ITniversity of Texas, he Avas called in 1892 to a similar position at Amherst College; he remained there until 1901, Avhen he became head of the department of Greek in Cornell UniA^ersitv. In 1896-97 he Avas