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STETTIN. 562 STEVENS. women, and children. There are numerous large factories for tlie manufacture of chemicals and cement, bicycles and sewing machines, soap and candles, sugar, paper, glass, etc. A new harbor on the east bank of the Oder was opened in 1900. This, together with the deepening of the Oder to the Stettiner Half, enabling large vessels, which formerly stopped at Swinemiinde, to reach the city, has made Stettin the third port of Germany. It has direct steamship communication with New York, London, and other foreign cities. The port was cleared in 1900 by 4594 vessels, of 1,552,543 tons burden. The chief exports are corn, spirits, lumber, sugar, and cement; the imports, iron, petroleum, wine, groceries, and coal. Population, in 1890, 116.228; in 1900 (Greater Stettin), 210,080. Stettin is of Slavic origin. It first came into notice in the twelfth century. As a member of the Hanseatic League it became a flourishing commercial town. It belonged to Sweden from 1G48 until 1720, when it passed to Prussia. It was held by France from 1806 to 1813. Consult W. H. ]Iever, Stettin in alter und neuer Zeit (Stettin, 1887). STEUBEN, stu'ben, Ger. pron. stoi'bfn. Fried- rich WiLiiELM VON, Baron (1730-04). A German- American soldier, born at Magdeburg, Prus- sia. He was educated at the Jesuit col- leges of Neisse and Breslau, and at the age of fourteen served as a volunteer under Ids father at the siege of Prague. In 1747 he was appoint- ed cadet of infantry, and in 1758, after several promotions, became an adjutant-general with the rank of captain. He fought with distinction in the Seven Years' War, at the close of which he was appointed grand marshal of the Prince of Hohenzollcrn-Hechingcn, in which position he re- mained until about 1774. While in Paris in 1777 he was induced by Saint Germain to go to Amer- ica and arrived at Portsmouth, N. H., on De- cember 1st. He immediately ofl'ered his services as a volunteer to Congress, and was directed to join the army at Valley Forge. This he did February 23, 1778, and in May, 1778, he was ap- pointed instructor-general of the Continental army with the rank of nlajor-general. He de- voted himself to the task of reorganizing the army on the European model, drilling the awk- ward and untrained soldiers and introducing or- der and system. He increased enormously the general efliciency of the army and thus contrib- uted in no small degree to the success of ensuing campaigns. At Monmouth he rendered valuable service," and in 1780 he was sent with a separate command to cooperate with General Greene in Virginia, where he opposed the marauding expe- dition of Benedict Arnold, and finally took an active part in the siege of Yorktown. In 1780 he prepared a manual for the army entitled Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States, which came into general use. After the war he received grants of land from several States, and finally Congress voted him a tardy pension of .$2400. For several years he lived in New York City and then re- moved to the tract of land (Steuben Townshif)) granted to him by New Y'ork, where he lived in a rude log cabin (near the site of the present Utica) until his death, November 28, 1794. Friedrich Kapp has written the most trust- worthy biography (New York, 1859). STEUBENVILLE, stu'ben-vll. The county- seat of JeH'erson County, Ohio, 43 miles west by south of Pittsburg, Pa., on the Ohio River and on the Pennsylvania, the Wheeling and Lake Erie, and other railroads (Map: Ohio, J 5). It is favorabl}' situated for commerce and industry. Noteworthy features are the Carnegie Public Library, city hall, court house. Gill Hospital, Stanton Park, and Altamont Park and Casino. The surrounding section has coal deposits, natu- ral gas, and petroleum wells. There are manu- factures of glassware, chimneys and electric light bulbs, paper, foundry and machine shop products. Several plants are connected with the iron and steel in<lustry. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 13,394; in 1900, 14,349." A fort named in honor of Baron Steuben was erected here in 1787 and the town was laid out in 1798. The city was chartered in 1851 and its limits were extended in 1891. Consult Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio (Columbus, 1890-91). STE'VENS, Abel (1815-07). A Methodist Episcopal clerical writer. He was born at Phila- delphia and entered the New England Conference (1834). He was editor of Zion's Herald (Bos- ton, 1848-60), of the Natiomil Magazine (New York, 1852), of the Christian Advocate (ib., 1856- 00), corresponding editor of the Methodist (ib., 1860-74). He was the author of Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism Into the Eastern States (1852), Memorials of the Early Progress of Methodism in the Eastern States (2d series, 1854), The History of the Religious Morement of the Eighteenth Centnry Called Methodism (1858-fil), History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States of America (1864- 67), Supplementarv History (1899), Madame De Stiiel, A Study of Her Lifeind Times (1880). STEVENS, Alfred (1828—). A Belgian genre painlir. He was born at Brussels, and studied principally with Roqueplan and luider Ingres in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Paris. He first exhibited in Brussels, but in 1849 settled at Paris where he has since resided. Among his works are the "Discouragement of the Artist" and "Love of Gold" (1853) ; "Masquerade on Ash Wednesdav" (1853, Marseilles Museum); "Con- solation" '(1857, Eaveijg Gallery, Berlin) ; "The Lady in Pink." "La bete a Bon Dieu" (Brussels . Museum) ; "The .Japanese Kobe" (Metropolitan Museum, New Y^ork ) . He painted in fresco "Al- legories of the Four Seasons" (in the Royal Pal- ace, Brussels). His most characteristic sub- jects depict the interiors of modern houses as background and accessories for the figures of piquant women and children of fashionable life. He revels in the arrangements of furniture and rich stufTs, by means of which he secures remarkable elTects of te.xture and quality. His management of tone and light is scientific, at the same time pure and admirable. His type of women possess the quality of charm with a reserve of expression and a refinement not shown by the ultra-moderns in his genre. STEVENS. Alfred George (1818-75). An English sculptor. He was born in Dorset Coun- ty, England, and received his artistic training in Italy (18,33-42). In 1841 he studied for a year under Thorwaldsen, after which he returned to England, where, in 1845. he was mftde pro- fessor in the Art School at Shef^eld. His great-