Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/705

STRABO. 609 STRADELLA. and historian, born at Aniasia, in Pontus. He recpived his education first at Nysa, on the Meander, from the grammarian Aristodemus and appears to liave come to Rome with the Peripatetic Xenarchus and the grammarian Tyrannioii, whose pupil he had also been. The date of his arrival seems to liave been about B.C. 29. In B.C. 24 he left Rome in the train of ^Elius Gallus, traveled in Arabia, and, returning to Rome in B.C. 20, made it his home until his death. Yet during this latter period he must have undertaken great journeys, for he informs us in liis own work that he had traveled from Armenia in the east to Sardinia in the west, and from the Pontus Euxinus on the north to the borders of Ethiopia. While we lack certain in- formation with regard to these journeys, Strabo's scanty knowledge of events in Rome in the lat- ter lialf of Augustus's rule gives basis to the conjecture that he was absent during this period, very probably at the Court of Pythodoris, Queen of Pontus, of whom he makes frequent mention in his w-ork. Strabo is most famous for his Geoffraphy, extant in 17 books, of which the first two deal with physical geography, books 3 to 10 with the geography of Europe, 11 to 16 with that of Asia, and book 17 with that of Africa. It is quite clear from internal evidence that the au- thor did not complete his original plan. The sources of his knowledge were first of all his own observations made during his long journeys, and seeondl.v the earlier geographers, of whom the most famous were Eratosthenes, Artemi- dorus, and Apollodorus of Athens. For Spain and C4aul his chief sources were Polybiiis and Posidonius. His other work, of which we have but scanty fragments, was his History, which comprised 43 books. It was intended as a supplement to the work of Pol.ybius and was divided into two parts. The first part sketched the history down to the period at which Polybius began ; the latter treat- ed in greater detail the history from Polybius to B.C. 27. The fragments of this work are published by Miiller, Fragmcnta Historicorum Grcecoriim, vol. iii. Consult also Otto. "Strabonis iampiKuiv vTzofiviijiaTuv Fragmenta," in Leipziger Stii- dicn, vol. xi. (1889). The Geography is edited by Kramer (Berlin, 1844-.52) ; Meineke (Leip- zig, 1866-77). English translation by Hamil- ton in Bohn's Classical Library (London. 1887) ; translation of selections, with introduction, maps, and plans, by Tozer (Oxford, 1893). STEACHAN, straK'on, John (1778-1867). A Canadian Anglican bishop. He was born in Aberdeen. Scotland, was educated at King's Col- lege in that city and at the University of Saint Andrews, and in 1799 emigrated to Canada. In 1812 he removed to York, now Toronto, and was appointed rector there. In 1839 he was made Bishop of Toronto. The chief cause of the vio- lent opposition his ])olicv aroused was liis de- termined effort to establish the Church of Eng- land as a State Church. When the University of King's College was changed from its character as an Anglican institution. Bishop Strachan founded Trinity College in its stead. His per- sonality and work as ecclesiastic and politician did much to bring about the Rebellion of 1837. Consult: Melville, The Rise and Progress nf Trinity f'ollege, Toronto, irith a Skrteh of the Life of the Lord Bishop of Toronto, as Connected with Church Education in Canada (Toronto, 1852) ; and Bethime, Memoir of Bi$hop Strachan (1870). STRACHEY, stra'chi, William. A colo- nist and historian of early Virginia. He was a member of tiray's Inn, London. In May, 1609, he sailed for Virginia with Sir Cieorge Somers, and was wrecked on the Bernjuda,s on July 28th. Strachey wrote one of the numerous accounts of the colonists' adventures which were widely circu- lated in manuscript before being printed in 1625, in Purchas's Pilgrims. In Jlay, 1010. Strachey reached Virginia, where he became secretary and recorder of the colony. He edited the code of laws drawn up by Gates and Dale, and cunmion- ly known by the latter's name. Returning to England in 1012, he began writing his IHsloric of Travaile into Virginia Britannia. It was first printed in 1849, by the Hakluyt Society of Lon- don. It is the most reliable single narrative of events during the period of Virginia history with which he deals. Besides the 1849 edition of the Historic, consult Brown, Genesis of the United states (Boston, 1891). STRACHWITZ, strao'vits, Moritz, Count (1822-47). A German poet, born in Peterwitz, Silesia, and educated for the law in Breslau and Berlin. His first volume, Lieder eities Ertcachen- dcti (1842), was mostly written while he was still in the gj'mnasium. More typical is the col- lection posthumously published, Neue Gedichte (1847). with its sharp attack on Heine and the other revolutionists, its protests against the 'Everlasting No,' and its famous and popular lyrics, "Der Himmel ist blau" and "Germania." A complete edition of his poems appeared in 1850, and in Reclam's Bibliothek in 1878. STRACK, striik. Herm. n Leberecht (1848- — ). A German theologian and Oriental scholar. He was born in Berlin and was educated there and at Leipzig. In 1877 he became professor in the theological faculty at Berlin. Among his more notable publications are: Prophe- taruni. Posteriorum Codex Babylonicus Pe- iropolitanus (1875); Einlcitung in das Alte Testament (5th ed. 1898); Lehrbuch der neuhebrliischen Sprache und Litteratur with Siegfried (1884); Einleitung in den Talmud (3d ed. 1900) ; Das Blut im Glauben und Aber- glauben. der Menschen (8th ed. 1900) : Gram- niatil; des biblischen Aramiliseh (3d ed. 1901); Das Biich Jesus Sirach ini hebriiischen Texte (1903). He also published editions of several Mishma tracts; became editor of the Porta Lin- guarum OrientaUiim (Berlin), for which he wrote the Hebrew grannnar (1883; Sth ed. 1902; Eng. trans., 1.88G) ; and, with 0. Ziickler. editor oi Kurzgefussler Koinmenlar zu den Hchrifien Al- ten und Neiien Testaments (Munich. 1886 et seq.). He prepared lexicons to the Anabasis (9th ed. 1902) and Cyropa-dia (2d ed. 1892) of Xeno- phon. In 1885 he began to edit Xathanael, a periodical devoted to Christian missionary work among the Jews. STRADELLA, stra-del'la. Ale.ssandbo fc.l645-e.l681 ) . An Italian composer, born in Naples. Trustworthy information regarding his life and his works, the oratorios San Giovanni llattisla (1676), Susanna (1681), and the operas Corispero (c.lfi65), Orazio Code sul ponfe (c.1666), Trrspolo tniore (1667). Im forza del amore paterno (1678), may be obtained