Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/711

STR ANGXJL ATIO N. 613 STRASSBXJRG. is no niccliaiiieal obstacle to respiration, nor injury to tiie medulla, life may sometimes be restored by proper measures, such as artificial respiration, stimulant applications, and a plenti- ful supply of fresh air. To relieve cerebral con- gestion it is advantageous to abstract blood, and if this is replaced with normal saline solution by transfusion (q.v. ) into the veins, the addi- tional advantage will be gained of diluting the carbon dioxide in the blood. A'hen deatli has taken place by hanging, proofs of this, concerning which medico-legal questions may arise, depend upon the position of the body when found, the presence of marks upon the neck, and of the signs of asphyxia in the internal organs, and the absence of any other possible cause of death. The mark on the neck is gen- cally a luird, dry, yellowish, horny furrow run- ning obliquely. The face is turgid, with blood- stained froth about the nostrils and lips; the tongue is swollen and jirotruding. The right side of the heart and the right lung are engorged with venous blood, while the left side is empty. See Asphyxia. STRANGURY (Lat. stranguria, from Gk. crpayynvpia, straiigouria, retention of urine, from arpiyi, stranx, drop squeezed out ; connected with OTpayyaTiiCcii', stranr/aHzeiii, to strangle -|- oipeiv, ourein, to urinate, from ovpov, oiiroii. urine). A variety of retention of urine, in which, while urine is present in the bladder and a desire to micturate is present, spasm or painful contrac- tion permits of the passage of but a few drops. The spasm is usually of the urethra, but the rec- tum may share in the condition. It occurs after the use of cantharides or turpentine internally (both of which are eliminated by the kidneys) or by the use of a large Spanish-fly blister from which a considerable amount of the drug has been absorbed into the lymphatics, or sometimes during gonorrhea. Hot applications to the genital region, a hot sitz-bath, liot enemata, and the ingestion of bland fluids which render the urine less irritating, will give relief. Opium is a valuable drug in the treatment of this condi- tion. STRAPAROLA, stra'pa-rO'la. GiovAXXi Fra.ncescoi '.'-c. 1.3.57 ). An Italianauthor,whowas born at Caravaggio, near the end of the fifteenth century. Nothing is kno^ii of his life, and his name is only a sobriquet signifying loquacity. He published Sonet I i, strambotti, cpistole e capitole in 1508. He is remembered, however, by his Trcdii-i piacevoli notti, "Facetious Nights," which is one of the most amusing imi- tations of the Decameron, and was published in two parts, in 1.550 and 1554, at Venice. An English translation of the Xiffhts by W. G. Waters appeared in 1894. Consult Dunlop, His- ion/ of Fiction (London, 1851). STRASBURGER, stras1>i3orK-er, Eduabu (1844 — ). A German botanist, born at Warsaw, and educated at Bonn and at Jena, where he became professor in 1800 and director of the botanical garden in 1873. With Haeekel he visited the East, and in 1881 he accepted a call to the University of Bonn. In his special tiekl of histology of plants he wrote: Die Befnichtung bei den Eoniferen (1869); Ueber Zellbildung und Zellteilang (3d ed. 1880) : Ueber den liuu und d/is Wachstum der Zell- hijute (1882); besides Das kleine botanisehe rral,-til:nm (4th ed. 1902); llislolofiisehe lici- triige (1888-93); and, with Noll. Schenck, and Scliimper, Lrlirbnch der Botanik fiir Tlochschuhn (oth cd. 1902). Conjointly with Pfell'er he edits the ■hihrbiirher fiir mssenschaftliche Botanik (Berlin. 1894 et seq.). STRASCHIRIPKA, stra'shi'-rip'k;i. .Tohanx. Tile correct naine of the .-ustrian painter more commonly kimwii a-i .Idlianii Canon (q.v.). STRASSBITRG, str:is1)o«rK. A city of Ger- many, the capital of Alsace-Lorraine. It is situated at the junction of the Breusch and the 111, two miles west of the Rhine, 28 miles east of the French frontier, and 88 miles by rail north of Basel (Map: Germany, B 4). The 111 divides into five arms in the city. Strassburg is a fort- ress of the first class, and possesses a garrison of 15,000 men, A circle of fourteen forts and an inner rampart defend the city. The centre of the city forms an oval, and is surrounded by two arms of the III. Here the streets are narrow and crooked, and the picturesque ancient houses and frequent specimens of pure medi-Tval architec- ture, reflect a period wdien the city was both art- loving and wealthy. In this section, on the south- east, rises the structure for which [strassburg is best known — the cathedral, or ilinster. It is said to have been founded about 600. The pres- ent edifice dates from 1176. The fore part of the cathedral is Romanesque, and the rest (the nave, 435 feet long) Gothic. The remarkable facade, the work of Erwin of Steinbach, with its galleries and rose window, especially commands admiration. Noteworthy ahso is the late Romanesque south portal, which is embel- lished with images. The tower is 465 feet high. A scarcely less celebrated feature of the Minster is its astronomical clock, the mechanism of which was constructed in 1839-42 to replace that of the famous clock of the sixteenth century. ( See Clock. ) Southwest of the cathedral is the Protestant Saint Thomas Church, a composite edifice embracing the Gothic and Romanesque, begun about 1200. It contains a marble monu- ment to ^Marshal Saxe, executed by Pigalle. Near the cathedral is the ancient episcopal palace, identified with the Rohans, and now containing the unimportant mtuiicipal art museum. In the Grosse Jletzig — the market hall — dating from 1588 is the valuable Museum of Industrial Art. North of the 111 extend the handsome new quarters of the city, where, in the Kaiserplatz, may be .seen the splendid Imperial Palace, in Florentine Renaissance. It was completed in 1888, and has a cupola 115 feet high. The mod- ern Hall of the Provincial Diet and the provin- cial and university library are near Ijy. The librarj' has some 700,000 volumes. Farther on in a northeasterly direction is the Contades Park. Some little di.stance east of the city, and reached by the fine Ruprechtsauer Allege, lie the beauti- ful municipal grounds of the Orangerie — a pleas- ure-garden with Oriental features and lovely promenades. South of the town formerly stood the important citadel, built by Vauban. and de- stroyed during the siege of 1870. Between it and the city is the extensive arsenal. Strass- btirg has a statue of General Kleber. who was born there, and 'of Gutenberg; also a bust of Goethe, which marks the house where the poet lived as a student. The university (see Stbassburg, Univebsity