Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/758

SUCCESSION WARS. 658 SU-CHOW. gngemcnt. The hostile attitiule of Catharine II. of Russia toward Austria induced her to give •way, and in the Treaty of Teschen, signed on Way 13, 1779, she had to content herself with the acquisition of tlie Innviertel, a district on the east side of the Inn, with the exception of which the whole of the Bavarian inheritance passed to Charles Theodore. The Elector of Saxony re- ceived a money indemnity. SUCCINIC ACID (from Lat. succinum, suci- iium, amber), COOH.CH„.CH..COOH. A di-basio organic acid found in amber, in unripe fruits, in brown coal, etc. In the animal organism it oc- curs in the spleen, the hydrocephalic and hydro- cele fluids, and, according to some authors, also in normal urine. It has been known to chemists Bince the sixteenth century, and its acid char- acter was discovered by Lemery in 1(579. It may be obtained by a variet.y of synthetic chemical methods. Usually, however, it is prepared by the fermentation of a solution of ammonium tar- trate. It is a crystalline substance melting at 180° C. and boiling at 235° C, though when distilled it loses the elements of water and is partly converted into its anhydride. Succinic acid is almost insoluble in ether; it is moder- ately soluble in cold and very soluble in hot water and alcohol. SUCCORY. Another name for chicory (q.v.). SUC'COTH (Heb. siikkolh. booths, thickets). A place name occurring several times in the Old Testament. In Joshua xiii. 27 a Succoth is de- scribed as situated in the territory of Gad, 'in the valley,' and within the ancient bounds o£ Silion, King of Heshbon. A location east of the Jordan is indicated here and also in Genesis xxxiii. 17 and Judges viii. 5-16 (cf. Psalms Ix. 6, cviii. 7). In I. Kings vii. 46 (11. Chron. iv. 17) it is sfated that the metal work for Solomon's temple was cast "in the plain of Jordan between Succoth and Zarthan." It has been thought that this Succoth was in the west Jordan country. No satisfactory identifications, however, have been proposed. Succoth was also the name of the second station in the Exodus from Egj-pt (Ex. xii. 37, xiii. 20, Num. xxxiii. 5-6). SUC'COTH-BE'NOTH. According to II. Kings xvii. 30, the name of a deity whose wor- ship was carried on at Samaria by the colonists from Babylon settled there by Shalmaneser IV. No such god lias been found in Baliylonian in- scriptions, and it is reasonable to conclude that the form is corrupt. In Amos v. 26 a deity (or a star), Sikkut, is mentioned by the side of Chiun (perhaps the planet-god Saturn-Ninib) , and a deity Sakkut occurs in Babylonian litera- ture. The bad state of the te.xt in the passage from Amos, however, requires caution in draw- ing conclusions, and there is no necessary con- nection between Succoth and Sikkut. SUCHER, snn'Ker, .To.SEF (1S44 — ). A promi- nent Austrian nuisical conductor and composer, born at Dubiir, Eisenburg County. Hungary. First instructed in music as a chorister in the Imperial chapel at Vienna, he afterwards studied law at the university and composition under Sechter, became conductor of the Akademische Gesang- verein and assistant conductor at the opera, and in 1876 went to Leipzig as kapellmeister at the Stadt Theater, where his rehearsals of Wagner's music dramas, especially of the liiny of the Xibe- hing, placed him in the front rank of modern conductors. In 1879 he was called to Hamburg and in 1888 to the Royal Opera in Berlin. As a composer he has earned reputation through choral and orchestral works, church music, and many lofty and spirited songs. — His wife. RoSA (1849 — ), born (Hasselbeck) at Velburg, Upper Palatinate, is a highly gifted dramatic singer, widely known as an interpreter of Wagner roles. She appeared first in ilunich. was subsequently connected with the stages at Treves, Konigsberg, and Danzig, then at Leipzig, where she was mar- ried, and went with her husband to Hamburg and Berlin. Since 1898 she confined herself to star- ring engagements, notably for the Festspiele at Bayreuth, her impersonations of Isolde, Sieg- linde, and Brunhilda being most highly com- mended. SUCHET, su'sha', Louis Gabriel, Duke of Albufera (1770-1826). A marshal of France, born at Lyons, JIarch 2, 1770. He began his militarj' career by volunteering as a private in the Lyons National Ciuard in 1792. His in- telligence and valor at Lodi, Rivoli, Castigli- one, Arcole, and in battles of less note, laid the foundation of his military reputation. In 1797 he became a general of brigade and in the following year general of division, serving in Switzerland and Italy. In 1800 he kept Melas in clieck, with a force far inferior to that of the Austrian commander, and prevented the in- vasion of France. He took part in the campaigns against Austria (1805) and Prussia (1806-07), was sent to Spain in 1808, and in 1809 w-as ap- pointed to the command of the French army in Aragon. He won the battle of Belchite (June 16- 18. 1809) and took L<^rida (May, 1810), and Tortosa and Tarragona (1811). earning the mar- shal's baton for his achievements. In January, 1812, lie conquered Valencia, and was made Duke of Albufera. The misfortimes of the other French armies in Spain compelled Suchet gradually to relinquish his conquests. He was created a peer by Louis XVIII., but took service under Napoleon after his return from Elba, and was charged with the defense of the southwestern frontier. De- prived of his peerage at the Second Restoration, he did not return to Court till 1819. He died at the Chateau of Saint-.Joseph, near Marseilles, January 3, 1826. Consult Suchet. Mcmoircs sur scs caiiijKifincs cii Espagne (Paris, 1829-34). SUCHIER, su'shys'. Hermann (1848—). A German Romance philologist, born at Karlshafen, Hesse-Nassau, of a family of Frencli refugees. After studying at Marburg and Leipzig, he quali- fied at Marburg in 1873 and became successively professor at Zurich (1875). Miinster, and Halle (1870). Of his publications in the field of French and Provengal philology may be noted: ■"Uel)er die franzosische Sprache," in Griiber"s Grinidriss rfcr romanischen Philologie (ISSS) , also separate in French. Lr Francfiis et tc Provencal (1891): Altfranzosische Grammatik (1893). He edited Aiicnssin et Xicolette (4th ed., 1899) ; flibHolhcca Xormannirn (1879): Denknmler proreihcnUsclicr Litfcrafiir iind Sjirache (1883) ; CEuvres poetiqiies de Philippe de Rcmi (1884- 85). In collaboration with Bireh-Hirschfeld he wrote a Geschichte der fninzosischen Litteratur (1900). SU-CHOW, soo'ehou'. or SOO-CHOW. A fu or departmental city of the Province of Kiangsu,