SWEENY. 750 mand he participated in the capture of Camp Jackson in May, 1861; assisted in organizing the Home Guards, and was chosen brigadier- general of that organization, and commanded the iifly-second Illinois at Fort Donelson. At Shi- loh he successfully defended a gap in the Union line. He commanded the second division of the llith army corps in the Atlanta campaign. In 1806 he took a prominent part in the Fenian invasion of Canada. He retired from the army in 1S70 with the rank of brigadier. SWEET, Bekjamin Jeffrey (1832-74). An American soldier, born at Kirkland, Oneida County, N. Y. At the age of sixteen he moved with his father to Wisconsin. At the outbreak of the Civil War he helped to raise two regi- ments, and became colonel of one of them, the Twenty-first Wisconsin. At the battle of Perry- ville he received a wound that incapacitated him from further service in the field. In the spring of 1864 he was put in command of Camp Douglas at Chicago. In the following July and asrain in November he defeated plots of the Knights of the Golden Circle (q.v. ) to capture Chicago and lelease the 10.000 Confederate prisoners confined in Camp Douglas. For these services he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers. From 1869 till 1870 he was United States pension agent at Chicago, and from 1870 till his death "was First Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue at Washington. SWEET, Henry (1845—). An English phil- ologist, born in London. He was educated at King's College and Balliol College, Oxford. He devoted himself to Anglo-Saxon and phonetics. Of his editions of Anglo-Saxon texts the most important are King Alfred's version of Gregory's Ciira Paslorrilis (1871): AnfjJo-t^axon Reader (7th ed. 1894): ArtfjJo-^axon Primer (3d ed. 1883) : Alfred's Trait slat ion of Orosius (1883); Epinal Glossary (1883); Oldest Eng- lish Texts (1885). Among his contributions to Anglo-Saxon philology are his Dialects and Prehistoric Forms of Old English (1876), and A Sketch of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, in Whar- ton's History of English Poetry, vol. iv. (London, 1871). His work in phonetics includes his Handbook of Photietics (1877) : History of Eng- lish Sounds (2d ed. 1888) : and Primer of Pho- vetics (1800). He is likewise the author of Words, Logic, and Grammar (1876) : Elementar- hiich des gesprochenen Engliseh (2d ed. 1886) : AVk' English Grammar (1892); Cvrrent Short- hand, Orthographic and Phonetic (1892) : and a literary study on Shelley's Nature-Poetry (ISni), of primers of Middle English (1884-86) and of Icelandic (1886). and " T/je Practical Stiidy of Languages (1899). SWEETBRIEB. See Eglantine. SWEET CALABASH. See Granadilla. SWEET FERN. A popular name for ]Iyrica asplniiifnlia and Myrrhis odorata. also known as sweet cicely, both of which have fern-like foliage. The former, being rich in tannin, has been em- ployed as an astringent in domestic medicine; the latter is employed in cooking, for its agree-
- ible flnvor.
SWEET FLAG. See AcoRrs. SWEET GALE. See Candleberkt. SWEET GTTM. See LiQtTDAntBAR. SWEET POTATO. SWEET PEA (Lathynis odonilus). An old- fashioned papilionaceous garden flower which has been brought into prominence and greatly im- proved in form and color during the closing quarter of the nineteenth century. The plant is a free random grower like other peas, but has perfumed flowers of greater beauty. Sweet peas should be planted as earlj' in spring as the ground can be worked. A rich, deeply prepared clay loam suits them best. Thin, dry soils are not satisfactory. Sweet peas should be sown SWEET PEA (Latb,rrus odoratvs). thinly, 2 to 3 inches deep in trenches 4 to 5 inches broad and as deep. 3 to 3iA feet apart. Brush or trellis should be provided when the plants are two inches high, and shallow culti- vation should be given all through the growing season and blooming period, gradually filling up the trench. No pods should be allowed to ripen as long as flowers are wanted, as growth ceases with the ripening of the pods. More than 100 named varieties are in cultivation. Two other closely related peas are also cultivated for their flowers — the sweet tangier pea (Lathyrus tingi- tanus) and the perennial or everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Both have long been in cultivation in Europe. The latter, which is very hardy, has many-flowered clusters, large stand- ard, scentless flowers, strongly veined leaflets, and broad, hairless pods. Consult: Hutchins, All Ahout Sweet Peas (1894) ; id.. Sweet Peas Up to Date (Philadelphia, 1897) ; New York Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station Bulle- tins 111, 127. SWEET POTATO, or Batatas (Lpomeea Batatas). A perennial plant of the natural order Convolvulace;p. with long creeping stems, heart- shaped leaves on long stalks, and variously lobed, large purple flowers much resembling those of the best known species of Convolvulus, and large oblong or elongated roots. Authorities differ as to whether it owes its origin to East India or America, but it is now cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries for its sweet, wholesome roots, which are highly esteemed as an article of food. The sweet potato is propagated by sets ob- tained from the tubers sprouted in a specially
