Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/904

SYRINGOMYELIA. 790 SZECHENYI. becomes curved, in extreme cases. Loss of sen- sation to temperatiu'e and pain, while not to touch, occurs, and is considered pathognomonic. Eruptions and ulcerations appear on hands and face, and many other changes occur. The dis- ease runs for from five to tvent_y years, and the prognosis for checking it is not good. It is in- curable. Rest and general tonic treatment, hy- drotherapy, and massage, as well as silver and arsenic, are measures tried. Consult: Dana, Text-hook of Xervous Diseases (New York, lfl02). SYRTNGOP'OBA (NeoLat. nom. pi., from Gk. avpiy^, syrinx, pipe, tube + ird/joc, poros, passage, |)ore ) . A genus of fossil tabulate corals in which the coral mass consists of a bundle of slender cylindrical tubes that rise from a com- mon base and that are connected at intervals by slender hollow horizontal processes or plates. The genus ranges through the Upper Silurian, Devonian, and Lower Carboniferous formations. SYRINX (Neo-Lat., from Gk. ffi'pijf, pipe, tube). A simple instrument of reeds, probably the most ancient of all musical instruments. It is thought to be identical with the Hebrew Ugab, mentioned in the Bible. The Greeks sup- posed it to have been made by the god Pan out of reeds, and hence its secondary name, Pandean pipes. It was formed of seven, eight, or nine short hollow reeds cut in graduated lengths, so as to produce a musical scale, and then fixed to- gether by wax. The lower ends were closed and the upper ones open and on a level, so that the lips could easily pass from one pipe to another. SYBLIN, zer'len, JiiRG, the Elder { ?-14ni ) . A famous German wood-carver and sculptor, active at Ulm from aliout 1458, one of the most re- markable masters of his time. The three-seated stool of 14C8 at the entrance of the choir in the cathedral, and his chief production, the stately double row of "Choir Stalls" (14G9-74) there, the first of their kind in richness and artistic merit, exhibit a plastic beauty unequaled by any contemporary effort. His earliest known work is a "Singing Desk" (14.58) in the Jluseiim of Antiquities, and as an isolated production in stone is to be mentioned the fountain in the market square, known as the "Fischkasten" (1482). His son and pupil, .JiiRG, the Younger ( 1455-C.1521 ) , was a worthy inheritor of his art and executed the "Choir Stalls" (1493) and the "Celebrants' Stool" (1496), in the church at Blaubeuren, also a similar stool (1505) in the Neithardt Chapel of Ulm Cathedral, and in the latter the sounding-board of the pulpit (1510), more important arcliitecturally than as a work of sculpture. SYRPHUSFLY (Neo-Lat., from Gk. otV^oc, si/rplios, aep<j>oc, sciphos, gnat). A fly of the family Syrphids, many species of which are of much economic importance. More than 300 species occur in the United States. They are stout-bodied flies and vary greatly in color. Many species closely resemble bees and wasps. Nearly all of them are flower flies, and carry pollen from one plant to another. Very many syrphus flies in the larval state feed upon plant- lice and other soft -bodied insects. Others live in decaying wood or in manure or soft mud, in the sap of trees or in the stems of plants, or in fungi, or as guests of ants and bumblebees. The rat-tailed maggot (q.v.) is an example of the forms found in soft mud or in manure. Those which live in ants' nests belong to the genus Microdon and are among the strangest insect larva- known. Those which live in the nests of bumblebees belong to the genus Volucella, and the adult flies resemble bumblebees. SYR'TIS MA'JOR and SYR'TIS MI'NOR. Tlic ancient names of two gulfs on the north coast of Africa. See Sidra and Cases. SYSTOLE. See Heart. SYSTYLE. An arrangement of classic col- umns in which the intercolumniation is equal to only twice the diameter of the column. SYZRAN, siz-riin'y'. A river port in the Government of Sinibir.sk, Russia, on the River Syzran, near the right bank of the Volga ( Map : Russia, G 4). It lies in a low district, sub- merged during the annual rise of the Volga. The town is known as a grain exporting centre. Population, in 1897, 32,377. SZABADKA, so'bot-ko. A town of Hungary. See Theresiopel. SZABO, so'bo, JozsEF (1822-94). An Hun- garian geiTlogist, born in Kalocsa, near Pest, and educated in Pest, and at the School of Mines in Schemnitz. In ISCO he was appointed pro- fessor of mineralogy and geology in the uni- versity of Pest. Szabo wrote, mostly in Hun- garian, on geologj', and in 1883 published .a valuable text-book of that science, with especial stress on petrography. SZARVAS, sor'vosh. A town of Hungary, in the County of Bgkes, 85 miles southeast of Buda- pest, on the left bank of the KiJriis (Map: Hun- gary, G 3 ) . Population, in 1900, 25,773. SZA'SZ, siis, Karoly (1829—). An Hunga- rian poet and translator, born in Nag.y-Enyed, Transylvania. During the revolution of 1848- 49 he fought in the Honved army, then studied theology; was engaged in teaching and pastoral work until 1SG7, when appointed councilor in the Ministry of Public Worship and Instruction. In 1884 he became reformed bishop at Budapest. He was elected to the Hungarian Academy in 1858. Besides numerous lyrics he wrote the epic poems Aliiios and S'lhiiiion. several dramas, and the tragedy The Death of AttUa (1888), but won wide reputation especially through his mas- terly translations of manv of the world's great poets, the Nibelungetitied and Dante's Divina Commedia, also through those embodied in A viitiffirodalom vagii eposzai (The CJreat Epics of the World's Literature, 1882). SZATMAR-NEMETI, sot'miir-na'me-te. A town in the County of Szatnulr, Hungary, 63 miles northeast of Debreczin, on the right bank of the Szamos (Map; Hungary, H 3). It eon- tains a beautiful cathedral. Szatmar-Ncmeti was founded by the Ciernians in the eleventh centurv. Its population in 1890 was 21,218; in 1900. 20.881. cliiefly Magyars. SZECHENYI, sa'ch.a-nye, Btx.x, Count (1837 — ). An Hungarian traveler and explorer, born in Budapest. He traveled in North America in 1863 and in Algeria in 1865, and described the former trip in Ainerikai t'ltam (1865). In 1877- 80 he explored the East Indies, Japan, China, Java, Borneo, Western Mongolia, and the fron- tiers of Tibet. An Hungarian descrijition of this expedition was published in 1890 and a German version, Die uissenschafthehen Ergebnisse der