Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/285

"WACO. 235 WADDINGTON. Brazos Rivpr, here Riiaiiii('<l by a handsome sus- pension briilf,'!', and on the Saint I.ouis South- vestprn, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass, the Waeo an<l Xortli- westcrn, and the Texas Central railroads (Jlap: Texas, F 4). It is rejjularly laid out on fironnd rising gradually from the river, the residential sections occupying the more elevated region on the west and southwest. Numerous artesian wells with waters noted for medicinal pro])prtie3 have made the city a health resort. The leading educational institutions include ]!aylor Univer- sity (q.v.), Paul Quinn College (African Metho- dist Episcopal), opened in 1881, Add-IIan Chris- tian University, and the Academy of the Sacred Heart. Among other features are the Waeo Natatorium, the United States Oovernment build- ing, and the countj- court-lunisc. Waeo is the centre of a cotton-growing, farniing, and stock- raising country, and has woolen mills, grain elevators, cottonseed-oil mills, bottling works, flouring mills, and manufactories of iron and lumber products, etc. Population, in ISflO, 14,- 445: in inOO, 20,G8G. WADAI, wii-dl'. Formerly, one of the most powerful native States of the Sudan, and now in the French sphere of influence, situated in North Central Africa, east of Lake Chad. It is bounded on the north by the Sahara Desert, on the east by Darfnr, on the south by the French Congo, and on the west by Bagirmi and the Sahara region (Map: Africa, F 3). Its area -with dependencies is given as 170,000 square miles. It is a long, narrow, semi-civilized State, stretching from north to south. It largely possesses the character of a region of steppes, ■with here and there naked mountain groups. In the southwest lies a wild, broken, thick-forested region, where the Gnere Jlountains reach over 5000 feet. In the east is the Tir range, 2000 feet high. The watercourses dry up during the year, ■except the Aukadebbe in the south — an important tributary of the Shari. The most important ■oases are the Bahr-es-Salamat and the Batha. From the last the Fitri Lake, east of the mouth of the Shari, gathers its waters. Wadai is espe- cially arid in the north. The flora and fauna are similar to those of Bornu. The region is fairly fertile. The main food crops are rice and wheat. The leading occupation is ]iastoral. Cattle, horses, and camels are raised of a superior kind. Ostrich feathers, ivory, and slaves are the promi- nent items in the trade. The population is about 2,000.000. The Mabas are the foremost race and form about one-seventh of the population — a negro people of the Mohammedan faith and be- longing to the Senussi sect. Arabs are numerous. Market communities take the place of cities. Vas- sal States are Fitri, Fast Kanem, and Runga. Abeshe is now the Sultan's capital. The Wadai kingdom was founded in 1035. and paid tribute to both Bornu and Darfur. The •country has had powerful rulers. The Sultan Ali conquered, after about 1800, the territory of Runga, the east half of Kanem. and also Borku. The SmlaneseRabaj conquered Wadai during 1892- 93. and extended his rule to surrounding States. The present native conditions of political rule are not definitely known. In 1901 a revolution •occurred owing to local political feuds, and a new Sultan was enthroned. Kduard 'ogel was Vol. XX.— 16. the first European to enter the land, about the middle of the nineteenth century. Nachtigal ex- plored it in 187.'i and JVIatteuei and Massari in 1879. By the Anglo-French agreement of 1898- 90 the region passed definitely to the French, but European iiillueiice is as yet scarcely known in the Vadai dominions. WADDELL', .T.MIES Ikedeix (1824-80). An American naval oflicer, born in Pittsboro, N. C. lie became a midshipman in the United States Navy in 1841, and a second lievitenant in Sep- tember, 1855. In 1850 he was assistant professor of navigation at the Naval Academy, and in 1800 was at the China station. In November, 18G1, he resigned from the navy, an<l in March, 1802, was commissioned lieutenant in the Con- federate Navy. He commamh^d the ram Louisi- ana at New Orleans, and blew her up to prevent capture. In October, 1804, he took com- mand, in England, of the Khennndoah, with which he made his way to the Northern Pacific and Arctic oceans by way of Austr;ilia, and almost destroyed the United States whaling fleet. Thirty- eight vessels were captured, and the amount of damage done was estimated at only .$400,000 less than that done by the Alabama. (See Ai,ah.ma. CL.viAfs.) Most of this was done after the col- lapse of the Confederate Government, as Waddell did not hear of the end of the war until .ugnst 2, 1S(J5. He at once made his way to Liverpool and surrendered his ship to the British Government, which afterwards turned it over to theT_'nited States. In 1875 be became commander of the San Francisco of the Pacific Mail Line. WAD'BING, Li'KE (1.588-1057). An Irish Franciscan friar and historian of the Order. He was born at Waterford, educated at the Irish Jesuit College at Li.sbon, and entered the Fran- ciscan Order there. He pursued his studies at the University of Coimbra, and was ordained prie.st in 1613. He taught theology at Sala- manca for a while, and went to Rome, where the rest of his life was to be passed, in 1618, in the suite of the Bishop of Cartagena, sent by Philip III. to request the Pope to define the dogma of the immaculate conception. His ac- count of this mission (1024) is his first im- portant work. He founded the College of Saint Isidore, and another at Capranica, for the mem- bers of his Order: and the Irish College at Rome was founded by Cardinal Ludovisi on his advice. He was procurator of the Franciscans, and a member of the important Roman congregations; the revision of the breviary under Urban VIII. is largely the result of his work in the Con- gregation of Rites. His. fame rests principally, however, on his historical studies: Annales Or- dinis Minoriim (1625-54: new ed., in 24 folio vols., 1731-1860) : Scriptores Ordinis Minorum (1650: new ed. 1806). WAD'DINGTON, Wiixi.Mt Henry (1826- 94). A French statesman and archa>ologist. born of English parentage at Saint Reniy-surl'Avre, France. He was educated at the University of Cambridge, England, but on his return to France in 1849 became a naturalized citizen of that country. He engaged in important arehicological expeditions in Asia Minor and Palestine, the re- sults of which were published in his works. Voy- arje en Asic Mineure au point de vne nmnis- matique (1852); Melanges de numistnatigue et