Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/324

WALLFLOWER. 268 WALLIS. racemes of rather large yellow or purple flowers. The common wallflower {Cheiranthu.s Clieiri), a native of Europe, which occurs in rocky places and on old walls, is frequently grown for orna- WALLFLOWER (Cheiraxithus Chfiri), menting such places. In the wild state its flowers are always yellow, but the numerous cul- tivated varieties are diversely colored. In the north, where it i.s not hardy, it is grown as a house plant. The doulile varieties are especially ornamental. Cheiranthus sempcrflorcns is a Xorth African perennial producing yellow and white flowers at different periods of the year. It requires a dry, sheltered place in winter. Wallflowers thrive best in a rather dry gravelly soil; on good garden soils they grow too coarse. They are propagated by seeds and cuttings. Tlio plants flower the second season at the north. WALLICH, viil'liK. Nathaniel (17S6-IS54). A Danisli-Britisli naturalist, born at C(i])enhagen. He studied medicine in his native city, and in 1S07 became surgeon to the Dnnisli settlement of Serampore. in India. Wlicn that jdacc fell into the hands of the English in 1813, he entered the service of the East India Company, and in 1815 became su])crintendent of the Calcutta botanical garden. He explored Nepal, the forests of West- ern Hindustan, and those of Ava and Lower Burma; in 1828 took to England more than 8000 specimens of plants; and after returning to India explored .Xssam and other places. His |>ut)lished works include: .1 S iinicii<'(il l^isl of Dried specimens of Plants in the East India Company's Museum (1828): Planlrr Asiatiew Rariores (3 vols., 1830-32) : :ind Testamen Flora' yepalcn.iis Ilhistralm (1824-20). WALLIN, viillfMi'. .ToiiAN Olof ( 1770-1S:S!M . . Swedish poet, born in the District of Dalarna. He entered the ministry, and in 1837 he was made archbishop of Upsala. Early in life he be- gan to write poetry, and first obtained general recognition in 181.5 through the didactic poem Uppfoslraren (the educator), which was award- ed the liighest prize by the Academy. On ac- count of Ills great success in writing hymns he was called by Tegn(?r "David's Harp of the North." His other poems include: "George Wasli- ington." "Gusta^-us III.. "Homesickness." and "The Angel of Death." A collection of his poet- ical works was published at Stockholm in 1848. WALLINGFORD, wol'ling ferd. A borough in a town nt the same name, in New Haven County, Conn., 12 miles nortli by east of New Haven; on the Quinnipiae River, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (.Map: Connecticut. D 4). It has a public library with more than 4800 volumes, and a .Masonic Home. ilannfacturing is the most important industry of the liorough, the chief products being sterling silver goods, plated ware, insulated wire, brassware, and iron and brass bedsteads. Under the revised charter of l.S'.iil and 1901, the government is vested in a boanl cil' warden and burgesses, chosen annually. The water-works and electric light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. In 1070 Wallingford was incorporated by Connecticut and settled by 100 planters from New Haven. The 'Wallingford Community' was organized in 1S.')1. near the town, on the model of the Oneiila Community (q.v.). Population, in 1890, 4230; in UlOd, ti'737. Consult Davis, History of M'ul- Vuuifdrd ( Meriden. 1.S70). WALLIS, wol'Iis, JoHM (1010-1703). An English theologian and mathematician, born at Ashford. He was educated for the ministry at Cambridge. He took the degree of B.A. at Emmanuel College in 1037, received the M.A., and was ordained in 1640, and soon after be- came a fellow of Queen's College (1044). He sided with the Parliament in the Civil 'ar and was of great service to his party in deciphering intercepted messages of the Roy- alists. He became an adept in cryptolo.gv and received a generous renuineration for his work. In 1649 he was chosen Savilian professor of geometry at O.xford, which chair he held until his death. Wallis was a student of polemics, language, mechanics, and theology, but his genius for mathematics eclipsed his ability" in other lines. He greatly systematized and extended the new .aeometry. extended the application of Kepler's law of continuity (see Co.xTixriTV) , first made popular the present meaning of frac- tional and negative exponents, and introduced the s.nnbol gd for infinity. . His work on quadratures was original and included a dis- cnssicm of such curves as represent ii = .r", x" -- x^ -- or -- ■ - -. His attempt at interpolation was the beginning of a more general method employed by mathematicians of the seventeenth century, which later enabled Newton to generalize the binomial formula. Wallis increased the power of algebra by the systematic ise of fornnilas. gave the law for forming the successive convergents of a con- tinued fraction, and suggested (1085) a modern graphic interpretation of imaginarics. His chief works are: Arithnictica Inlinltorum (1055); Trnctatus de f^ectionibust- Coniris Nova Mcthodo Expnsitis (1055) ; Dp Anffiilo Contactus et .'sVihi'- circvli Trnclatus (1050)': Dr Cycloide (1659); Commercium Epistolicum (1658); Matnesis Vni- vrrsdiis (1057); Mcclianira. sive de Motu Traclufiis (Icunietriciis (1009-70-71); De Grar- itate et (Jrarilalionc Disijiiisilio Oeometrica