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WALTZ. 276 WANDERING JEW. having little more in common with the real dance than the three-fourth time. Chopin is the origi- nator of this form of waltz. Since then many eminent composers have cultivated this form. They generally add some qualifying adjective to the title, as 'valse noble,' 'valse eharacteristique,' 'valse melancholique.' WALWOBTH, warwurth, Je. xette Ha- DEKM.xx (1837 — ). An American author, born in Philadelphia, Pa. When her father died the family moved to Louisiana. Her first book was Forrii'veness at Last (1870). In 1873 she married IMajor Walworth and for five years lived on a plantation in Arkansas, where she wrote but lit- tle. They moved to ilemphis and after two years to Xew York City, where Mrs. Walwortli soon gained great popularitv. She v.Tote: The fiilent ^Vitness (1871); Dead Men's Shoes (1872); Eeavy*Yokes (1874) ; Xobody's Business (1878) ; At Bay (1887) ; True to Herself (1888) ; Uncle Scipio and an Old Fogy (1896). WALWORTH, Reubex Hyde (1780-1807). An American lawyer. He was born at Bozrah, Conn., spent his early years on a farm, and taught school at Hoosiek, X. Y., at sixteen years of age ; at seventeen he began the study of law and in 1809 was admitted to the liar. Iii ISIO he .settled at Plattsburg. X. Y.. and in 1811 was made master in chancery. During the War of 1812 he served in the Xew York militia in tiie vicinity of Plattsburg. He was a member of Congress (1821-23) and a justice of the United States Circuit Court (1823-28), in which year he was appointed chancellor of Xew Y'ork, which position he held for twenty years, until the office was abolished. His decisions are reported in the Xew York eases of Hill. Wendell. Denio. Bar- hour, and Page. He published Rules and Orders of the ^ru: York Court of Chuncrry (1829), and an elaborate genealogy" of the Hyde family. WAM'BA. Ths faithful jester of Ce'dric the Saxon, in Scott's Iranhoe. He preserves his master from death in the defen^^e of Frnnt dc Boeuf's castle and shares many of Ivanhoe's ad- ventures. WAMPANOAG, wom'pa-nf/og (people of the eastern country). An important Algonquian tribe, sometimes known as Pokanoket from their principal village, formerly holding the eastern shore of Xarragansett Bay, in the present Rliode Island and Massadiusetts. Their principal vil- lage, Pokanoket or Sowams, was at the present Blount Hope, near Bristol. They also ruled over several smaller tribes east and south, including the island of ilartha's Vineyard. When the English first settled at Plymouth in 1620 the Wampanoag were said to have lliirty villages and had been estimated at several thousand warrior-s before the great pestilence of 1G17, which nearly depopulated the southern Xew England coast. In King Philip's War (see Philip, Kino) the Wampanoag and Xarraganset were praclically exterminated, and the survivors fled to the tribes in the interior or to Canada. Many hundreds were sold into slavery. TUe few spared were set- tled with sonio friendly Inilians at S.TConnet, near Coinpton, R. 1.. wiiere the entire body be- <'anie extinct about the end of the eighteenth century. WAMPUM, wom'pum (froin Algonquian wompi. wliitc). A name adopted from the Xew England tribes to designate the aboriginal shell beads (see Shell iloxEY) used everywhere east of the Mississippi for dress ornamentation, for weaving into symbolic belts, and as a currency medium. The beads were of two colors, white and purple, the latter being the more valuable. They were drilled, shaped, and polished with great care, and were sewn upon shirts, mocca- sins, belts, and other garments in various orna- mental designs. Having a fixed value and being of convenient carriage and in constant de- maud, they came to be recognized as a regular aboriginal currency among all the Eastern tribes as well as by the early colonists, who by various governmental enactments gave them a legal value in comparison with the English and Dutch coins then in circulation. Perhaps the most important use of wampum was in the symbolic record belts and strings which gave the stamp of authority to every in- tertribal transaction. No message from one tribe or council to another was considered official with- out the delivery at the same time of a string or belt of wampum, which was thenceforth preserved by the recipients as the proof and reminder of the negotiation, the belt being handed over to the keeping of the hereditary or chosen custodian of the records. Such belts usually had the beads arranged in symbolic figures more or less sug- gestive of the transaction thus ratified. Wam- pum belts were used in the ratification of every important treaty negotiated with the Eastern tribes from the early colonial period down to the great intertrilial treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1825. In 1843, at the" intertril)al council at Tahlequah. the Cherokee produced the belts which attested the peace made with the Iroquois before the Revolutionary War. The Iroquois themselves still preserve several of their ancient record belts; and others of historic importance are pre- served among the archives of Xew York State at .Albany and elsewhere. Wampum, as commonly understood, seems to have been unknown among the tribes of the plains and mountains, but shell ornaments of various kinds were made and used on the Pacific coast for decoration and as a currency medium. WAMPUM SNAKE. See Hoop-sxake. WAN'AMAKER, .loiiK (1838—). An Ameri- can merchant and Cabinet oflicer. born in I'liila- dclphia, Pa. He received a common school edu- cation, and for a time was an errand boy. In ISoO he entered mercantile life in Philadelphia and graduall}' built up an enormous retail busi- ness. In 1896 he icoiicncd the dcpartiiK'Hl store founded in Xew York by A. T. Stewart. He was president of the Young Men's Christian .ssoeia- tion in Philadel]ihia from 1870 to 1883, was one of the founders of the Christian Commission at tile time of the Civil War, and was the founder of Bethany Sunday-school, of which he was for many years the superintendent. From 1889 to 1893 he was Postmaster-General in President Harrison's Cabinet. WANDALA, wj'in-dii'Ii, A negro kingdom of Africa. See Maniiara. WANDERING CELL. See Pii.gootte. WANDERING JEW, The. . legendnri- Jew doomed to wander over the earth until the day of .Judgment. According to the usual ver-