Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/457

WEATHER BUREAU. 383 WEAVER, influence of the weather on the development of the future crop. In tlic winter season tliis weekly bulletin is replaced by a monthly bul- letin showing the (juanitity of snowfall, the ice in the rivers, the opening and closinj,' of naviga- tion, Uie condition of winter wheat, and the in- jury done to crops by cold waves, frosts, or floods. In the interests of the lake navigation, a monthly lake chart is published, showing every feature in regard to the weather or the con- dition of the lakes that can interest navigators. In addition to the central forecast district at Washington, seven others are maintained, liav- ing their centres at Chicago, Boston, Galveston, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, and Denver, each of which issues independent forecasts or local modifications of those issued from Wash- ington. In the interests of local climatology, the larger States, or groups of smaller States, are organized as sections, and publish monthly a section report, which gives every observation of rainfall and temperature made during the month, as also charts of isotherms and rainfall. There are at present forty-five such sections, including those from Cuba aiid Porto Eico. The analog<nis publications for the Hawaiian Islands and for the Philippines are specially provided for by those territories. The general climatology' of the United States is provided for by the publica- tion of the Annual Report of the Chief of the ^yeather Bureau, -which contains several hundred quarto pages of tabular matter and additional special reports or memoirs. In order to secure prompt publication of general elimatological data, the bureau publishes a Month!;/ ^ycathcr Review, which contains not only a summary rela- tive to storms, forecasts and warnings, and the general climate and crop conditions, but also ten or twenty pages of special contributions and notes bearing on questions of meteorology. All apparatus used by the bureau is carefxilly tested, and all stations are frequently inspected, so as to secure the greatest possible exactness and nniformity. The Instrument Division is in charge of apparatus and methods of observation. Xew instruments and improvements on old apparatus emanate from this division, which has become especially famous for Professor JIarvin's work on anemometers, psychrometers, metco.ographs, and the developmen't of the Hargrave kite for atmospheric exploration. When ordinr.ry tele- graph and telephone lines and cables are not otherwise available, the bureau builds and con- trols its own lines. Special researches of any magnitude are generally published as bulletins, of which there are an octavo and a quarto series. Among these are those relating to international weather charts and storm tracks for the North- ern Hemisphere ; the results of observations with kites: and the study of the radiation of heat by the air. The headqu.arters of the Weather Bureau are located in a special building in Washington, D. C. The earlv history of this and other na- tional weather bureaus is given in Bulletin Xo. 11; many additional details will be found in Moore. Meteorologp. Prncficnl and Applied (Lon- don. 1804). See also Abbe, Aims and Methods of hiate Weather fierrirrs (Baltimore, 1000)"; Bayard. Annual Presidential Address, before Royal Meteorological Society (London, .January, 1899) : Bartholomew. I'hiisleal Atlas, vol. iii., "Meteorology" (London, 1900). See Siqnali.ni; AND TeLEGRAPHI.NG, MILITARY; MeTEOBOLOGT; Wkatheh, etc, WEATHERFORD, weru'Or-ferd. The coun- ty-seat of Parker County, Texas, .31 miles west of l-'ort W ortli, on a l>ranch of the Trinity Itivcr, and on the Te.xas and Pacific, the Gulf, Colo- railo and Santa Fe, and the Weatherford, -Mineral Wells and Northwestern railroads (Map: Texas, F 3). It is the seat of Weather- ford College (Methodist ICpisco])al, South), ami has the Texas Female Seminary and Saint .Joseph's Academy. There is a handsome court house. Fanning, cattle-raising, and cotton-grow- ing are inqiortant industries of the region, which also produces building stone and coal. Weather- ford is the shipping point for this section, and has a cotton mill, cotton gins and a compress, bottling works, and manufactories of flour, pot- terv. and lumber products. Population, in 1890, 33(il); in 1900, 4780. WEATHERFORD, William (c.1780-1826). A mixed-blood chief of the Creek Indians, the leader of the hostiles in the Creek War of 1813- 14. He was the son of a white father by a half- breed woman whose father was a Scotchman. He first came into prominence by leading the attack upon Fort Minis (q.v.) August 30, 1813. It is maintained, with apparent truth, that he did his best to prevent the excesses which followed the victory, and left the scene rather 'than witness the atrocities when he found that he could not re~train his warriors. At the battle of the Holy Ground in the following Decendjer he was de- feated and narrowly escaped capture by Clai- borne's troops. When the last hope of the Creeks had been destroyed and their power of resistance broken by the bloody battle of the Horseshoe Bend, March 27, 1814, in which nearly one thou- sand Creek warriors perished, Weatherford vol- untarily surrendered to Jackson, creating such an impression by his straightforward and fear- less manner that the Cicneral. after a friendly in- terview, allowed him to go back alone to collect his people preliminary to arranging terms of peace. After the treaty he retired to a plantation at Little Pviver, Ala., where he passed the remainder of his life. WEATHERLY, weTu'er-le, Frederic Edward (1848 — ). An English song-writer, born at Portishead, on the Severn Estuary, October 4, 1848. He was graduated at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1871, and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1887. Beginning with Muriel and Other Poems (1870), he wrote a large num- ber of widely popular songs, of which many have been set to music. Among them are "Lon- don Bridge," "The Three Old Maids of Lee," and "Darby and Joan." Among the best known of his writings are Lai/s for Little Ones 11898), and many delightful stories and sketches, such as Wilton f^ehool (1872). Oxfwd Days (1879), and Tu-o Children (1884). He also wrote The Rudiments of Logic (1879) and Questions in Lofiie (1S83). WEATHER SIGNALS. See Storm and Weather Sionals. WEAVER, Henry A. (1832-1903), An American actor. He was born in London, Eng- land, but was brought to the United States when a chilil. His debut on the professional stage was made in Brooklyn in 1853. During his long