Parliament (ib., 1834). There is a very extensive biographical literature. Consult the Lives by Glieg (London, 1858-60); Brialmont (Paris and Brussels, 1850-57); Hamley (Edinburgh, 1860); Browne (London, 1888), made up of extracts from the records; Hooper (London and New York, 1889): Sir Herbert Maxwell (London and Boston, 1899). Consult also Lord Roberts, Rise of Wellington (London and New York, 1895). See Peninsular War.
WELLMAN, Walter (1858—). An American journalist and explorer, born in Mentor, Ohio. He received a common-school education. ln 1869 he founded the Cincinnati Evening Post, and after 1884 lie was the Washington correspondent successively of the Chicago Herald and the Chicago Times-Herald. In 1892 he attempted to locate the first landfall of Columbus, and built a monument on Watling Island, in the Bahamas, on the spot which he regarded as answering the description; and in 1804 he led an expedition to the Arctic regions and reached a point on the eighty-first degree of latitude, northeast of Spitzbergen. In 1898-90 he led another expedition to the Arctic regions, making Cape Tegetthoff in Franz Josef Land his base of operations, and spending the winter of 1898-99 there. He established an outpost at Cape Heller, near the eighty-first parallel, and from this place in the early spring of 1899 started on a 'dash for the pole,' but at the end of March, by which time the party had reached a point off the coast of Rudolf Land, near the eighty-second parallel, he was compelled by an accident to retreat. Later a party under Baldwin, a member of the expedition, first definitely marked the eastern limits of Franz Josef Land. Wellman also reported the discovery of some twenty new lands or islands. Accounts of the second polar expedition were published by Wellman in McClure's Magazine, vol. xiv. (New York, 1900), in the Century Magazine, vol. xxxv. (n. s.) (New York, 1899), and the National Geographical Magazine, vol. x. (Washington, 1899).
WELLS. A city in Somersetshire, England, pleasantly situated at the foot of the Mendip Hills, 15 miles southwest of Bath (Map: England, D 5). The cathedral dates from the first half of the thirteenth century, and is for the most part in Early English: its west front, one of the noblest façades in the kingdom, enriched with 300 statues, is in Gothic. One of the most important of Wessex towns in Saxon times. Wells was created a see in 905. Population, in 1891, 4822; in 1901, 4849.
WELLS. See Well- Sinking; Water Supply: Artesian Wells.
WELLS, Benjamin Willis (1850—). An American teacher, journalist, and author, born at Walpole, N. H. He graduated in 1877 at Harvard, and received the degree of Ph.D. in 1880. Later he studied for a time at Berlin, held a fellowship at Johns Hopkins University, was an instructor in the Friends' School, Providence, R, I., from 1882 to 1887, and from 1801 to 1890 was professor of modern languages in the University of the South at Sewanee, Tenn. In 1800 he joined the editorial staff of The Churchman in New York City. Besides writing numerous magazine articles, he edited a number of school texts in French and German, contributed to the New International Encyclopædia, and published: Modern German Literature (1805); Modern French Literature (1807); and A Century of French Fiction (1898). With W. P. Trent, he edited Colonial Prose and Poetry, 1607-1775 (1901).
WELLS, Charles (1838—). An English Orientalist, born in London and educated at King's College, London, where he won the Turkish prize in 1800. He was professor of English at the Imperial Naval College at Constantinople from 1870 to 1874, and became professor of Turkish in King's College, London, in 1889 and Oriental translator to the Foreign Office in 1892. His publications are: Ibn Tedbir-i-Mulk, an essay on Turkish political economy (1860); Mohamet, the Kurd, and Other Tales from Eastern Sources (1865); A Practical Grammar of the Turkish Language (1880); and The Literature of the Turks (1900). He also published a revised and enlarged edition of Reahouse's Turkish Dictionary (1880).
WELLS, Charles J. (c.1799-1870). An English poet, born probably in London. He was a friend of Keats, who dedicated a sonnet to him. Under the name of H. L. Howard, Wells published a volume called Stories After Nature (prose) in 1822, and in 1824 Joseph and His Brethren, a Scriptural Drama. These having met with no success, he abandoned literature, removed to Brittany, and practiced law. Within the last twenty years the drama has been lavishly praised by critics of the Swinburnian school, and in 1876 a revision of it was published with a critical introduction by Mr. Swinburne. It is distinguished by brilliant character-study and extreme richness of diction.
WELLS, David Ames (1828-98). An American economist, born at Springfield, Mass. He graduated at Williams College in 1847 and at the Lawrence Scientific School (Harvard) in 1851. His early interests were in the natural sciences and he published text-books on physics, chemistry, and geology. In 1864 he won a considerable reputation in politics through an essay Our Burden and Our Strength. In 1865 he was made chairman of a commission to inquire into methods of raising Federal revenues, and in 1866 was appointed special commissioner of the revenue. After his term of office expired he was appointed to membership on several commissions. State and Federal, and he rendered distinguished service in private enterprises, notably in the reorganization of the Alabama and Chattanooga Railway and of the Erie Railway. He was a prolific writer on economics and finance, at first defending the protectionist policy, later becoming an extreme advocate of free trade. His principal works are: Our Merchant Marine (1882); A Primer of Tariff Reform (1884); Practical Economics (1885): The Relation of the Tariff to Wages (1888); Recent Economic Changes (1898).
WELLS, Henry Tanworth (1828-1903). An English painter, born in London. He at first painted miniatures, but in 1861 exhibited at the Royal Academy a full-length portrait of Lord Ranelagh. During Lord Leighton's absence from England on account of ill health. Wells acted as deputy president of the Academy. His works include: "Group of Portraits at Table" (1862); "Tableau Vivant," a portrait of three sisters
