Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/501

WELSH LANGUAGE. 425 WENCESLAS. Institulions of Wides {Kiif»lisli Record Commis- sion, 1S51). For discussion of the nnilcriiil, with full references, see Klijs and Jones, The Walsh People, cli. vi. (Lon<lon, l!)()0). The most exten- sive eolkcti<m of Middle V(dsh poets is The Myvyrian Aiehiciiloi/i/ of Walrn, edited l)y Owen Jones, Kdwiud illiiims, an<l V. Owen Pughe (1801; 2d ed. 1878). For the oldest poems sec W. F. Skene, The Four Aneieiit Hooks of Wdles ( Kdinhurgh, 1808); also the Facsimile of the lilaek Hook of Carmarthen, edited by J. G. Evans (Oxford. 1888). Rhys and Evans have published nonarUably accurate editions of The M ahinoyion (il)., 1887) and The Units ( ib., 1800). from the Red Book of Tlergest. Other prose material is contained in Robert Williams'.s Selections from the UoKjurt Maniiseriiils (187fi-92). To these references should be added finally the publica- tions of the Welsh Manuscripts Society (mostly produced before the days of scientific Celtic philology) and the excellent publications of the Society of Cynimrodorion (containing valuable texts and studies). For modern Welsh the most valuable reference is The Cambrinn nUilioi/raph!/ (Llyfryddimth i/ Gymrii) of Rowlands and Evans (Llanidloes. 1809). This contains a catalogue of all the Welsh books printed up to 1800. The best treatise on the early literary history of Wales is Thomas Stephens's Literature of the Kymry (1st ed. 1849: 2d ed. 1870). A com- mendable work on the modern period is the Banes Llenyddiath fSymreig o 1650 i 1S50, by Charles Ashton (published by the Xational Eisteddfod Association in 1891). Critical com- ments of value were made in Matthew Arnold's essay On the Study of Celtic Literature. ■WELSH MORTGAGE. A form of mort- gage formerly used in Wales and Ireland, under which a mortgagee was authorized to enter into possession, collect the rents and profits of the land, and apply the net income to the payment of the interest on the debt. Such a mortgagee could not foreclose his mortgage, or compel payment of the principal. However, the mortgagor could not exercise any acts of ownership over the land until he paid the principal. This form of mort- gage is not now used. See Mortgage ; FoEE- CLOSURE. "WTELSH MUSIC. See Celtic Music. WELSH ONION, or Cibol {Alliuia fistulo- suni) . A perennial herb, a native of Siberia. Its fistular garlic-tlavored leaves, which appear very early in spring, are used in soups and salads. The seed is sown in spring or summer, leaves fit for use are produced in the following spring, and the bed continues to be productive for a number of years. WELSH TERRIER. See Terrier. WELWITSCH, vrd'vich. Friedrich (1800- 72). A Gorman botanist, born at Klagenfurt. Carinthia. He studied at the University of Vienna, and in 1839 was sent on a journey of botanical exploration to the Cape Verde Islands and Azores by the Rciseverein of Wiirttombevg. Having been detained in Lisbon, he took up his residence in Portugal, became director of the botanical gardens of Lisbon and Coinibra, and collected .50.000 specimens in Portugal for the Reiseverein. In 18S.3-01 he traveled in Africa, particularly . gola and Benguela. whence be brought important botanical and zoological col- lections. From 1803 he was in London. He pub- lished: Synoijsc expticatini das umostras de ma- deiras e droyas medieinaes de eolleyidas na pro- vincia de Angola (1802), and other writings. WEL'WITSCH'IA. A West African plant. See (Jnktace.k. WEM'MICK, .John. A clerk in the office of Lawyer -biggers in Dickens's Great Expectations. He is hard .ind inexorable by day in business, and gentle, flighty, and sentimental at night, when he returns to his battery like home in U'al- worth, (ires salutes, hoists and lowers the Hag, flirts with his elderly sweetheart, and listens to the 'Aged P's' readings from the daily paper. WEMYSS, wems, Francis RrciiARi) Wemyss- CiiAiiTKHls-DorGLAS, ninth Earl of. and Earl of .March (1818—). A British statesman who as Lord Elcho acquireil great ])opularity as a founder of the British volunteer movement. He w:is born in Edinburgh, and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was member of Parliament for East Gloucestershire in 1841-46, and sat for Haddingtonshire from 1847 until 1883, when he succeeded to the Earlilom of Wemyss at the deatli of his father, and took his seat in the House of Lords. As a Liberal Con- servative, he supporte<l Sir Robert Peel in tli(^ repeal of the Corn Laws, and was Lord of the Treasury in the Earl of Aberdeen's coalition Ministry (I8o2-.55). In 18.59 the menacing atti- tude of France and the periodical alarms of in- vasion, owing to the unprotected state of the English shores, led to the organization of the volunteer army of Great Britain, in which he took the earliest and most prominent part. When the Government of Earl Russell brought in the Reform Bill of 1800, Lord Elcho organized a secession from the W hig Party, under the leader- sliip of Earl Grosvenor, which was nicknamed' the 'Cave of Adullam.' but which succeeded in defeating the bill and displacing the Government. Lord Derl)y. on his accession to the Premiership, offered a post in his Government to Lord Elcho, but the offer was declined. WEN (AS. u-en, ucen. dialectic Ger. Wenne, Wehne, Wiihne, wen. wart), or Sebaceoi'S Cyst. An encysted tumor, much more common on the scalp than in any other situation, though occa- sionally observed on the face or shoulders, and consisting of an obstructed sebaceous gland,- whieh enlarges by the internal pressure of its accumulated secretion. The closed orifice may be often noticed in the form of a small dark point, and in that case the duct may sometimes be gradually enlarged by the gentle introduction of a probe or director, and its contents pressed out. .fter this treatment it will sometimes shrivel up and disappear. It, however, will in all prob- ability fill up again. If this treatment fails, and the patient finds the tumor annoying, it must be exterminated by excision', which consists in exposure and cutting nut of the cystic sac, containing its cheesy contents intact. Or. it may- be cut into halves, evacuating the contents; after which the sac must be pulled out with a forceps. Careful antisepsis must be practiced, especially upon the scalp. WENCESLAS. wen'scs-los. Ger. 'WENZEL, v.-n'tsrl I l.'?Gl-1419i. Holy Roman Emperor from 1378 to 1400 and Kins of Bohemia (as such Wenceslas IV.) from 1378 to 1419. He was the