opposed to secession, met here and established the ‘restored government,’ and here the Constitutional Convention of West Virginia met in 1861-62. From 1863 to 1870 and again from 1875 to 1885 Wheeling was the capital of the State.
WHEEL LOCK. See Small Arms.
WHEELOCK, hwē′lok, Eleazar (1711-79). An American educator, born at Windham, Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1733, was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church at Lebanon, Conn., in 1735, and there established a school for the education of Indian and white youths. In 1770 he removed to Hanover, N. H., and there reëstablished his school, for which an endowment of $50,000 had been obtained, under the name of Dartmouth College (q.v.). During the remaining nine years of his life Dr. Wheelock was president of the new college, and despite privation and hardship succeeded in putting it on so firm a basis that it survived the disasters of the Revolution. He published a number of sermons and a Plain and Faithful Narrative of the Indian School at Lebanon. Consult: Baxter P. Smith, History of Dartmouth College (Boston, 1878); Chase, History of Dartmouth College and the Town of Hanover (Cambridge, 1891); and McClure and Parish, Memoirs of the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D.D. (Newburyport, 1811).
WHEELOCK, John (1754-1817). An American educator, born at Lebanon, Conn., the son of Eleazar Wheelock (q.v.). After three years in Yale, he attended Dartmouth for a year, and in 1771 graduated with the first class that went out from that college. He then tutored for four years in Dartmouth; served in the Patriot Army during the Revolutionary War, and attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel; and in 1780, soon after the death of his father, succeeded him as president of Dartmouth. Four years later he went to Europe to secure assistance for that institution, but on his return in 1784 was shipwrecked and lost all the money he had collected. He then succeeded in getting aid from the State, and was able to enlarge the institution. In 1815, owing to friction between him and the board of trustees, he was removed from the presidency; but the Legislature created a new corporation, which in 1817 restored him. Out of this dispute grew the famous Dartmouth College Case (q.v.). Wheelock died in 1817 before the case was decided. Among his published works may be mentioned Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College (1816).
WHEELWORK. See Gearing; Power, Transmission of.
WHEEL′WRIGHT, John (1592-1679). A New England clergyman. He was born in Lincolnshire, England, graduated at Cambridge in 1614, and was vicar of Bilsby (1623-31); suspended by Laud for nonconformity, he came to America in 1636, and became pastor at Braintree, Mass. His adoption of the religious views of his sister-in-law, Anne Hutchinson (q.v.), alienated Wilson, pastor of the Boston church; this and a sermon in her defense, considered seditious, caused his banishment from the colony by the General Court (1638). He went to New Hampshire, founded the town of Exeter, and organized a church; in 1643 he removed with a part of the church to Wells, Maine. His sentence of banishment having been revoked on his declaration that he had erred, at least in part, he returned to Massachusetts and was minister at Hampton, 1646-54; went to England in 1657 and was well received by Oliver Cromwell, who had been his classmate; he returned in 1660 and became minister at Salisbury, N. H. (1662). The sermon alluded to above is in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, ed. by C. Deane (Boston, 1867). Wheelwright's writings with memoirs by Bell were published by the Prince Society (Boston, 1876). The chief are Mercurius Americanus (1645), a reply to Thomas Welde's Rise, Reign and Ruin by the Familists . . . in New England, and his Vindication (1654).
WHEELWRIGHT, William (1798-1873). An American capitalist, born at Newburyport, Mass. He was United States consul at Guayaquil, in Ecuador, from 1824 to 1829, when he removed to Valparaiso, in Chile, where he established a line of passenger vessels along the coast. He founded a line of coasting steamships to connect all the ports between Valparaiso and the Isthmus of Panama, and in 1840 the first two vessels of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company reached the west coast. Wheelwright also built a number of railroads in South America, established the first gas and water-works, and strung the first telegraph line on that continent. He wrote Statements and Documents Relative to the Establishment of Steam Navigation in the Pacific (1838) and Observations on the Isthmus of Panama (1844). Consult: Alberdi, La Vida y los trabajos industriales de William Wheelwright en la America del Sur (Paris, 1876), which was translated into English by Caleb Cushing (Boston, 1877); and Codman, Biographical Sketch of William Wheelwright, of Newburyport, Mass. (Philadelphia, 1888).
WHELK (AS. weluc, weoluc, wiluc, whelk, probably from wealcan, to roll, walk, OHG. walkan, to roll, wallow, Ger. walken, to full cloth, to felt hats, and ultimately connected with Skt. valg, to hop, spring). The popular name of many prosobranch gastropod mollusks, of the family Buccinidæ. In the true whelks (Buccinum) the shell is ovate, turreted, and more or less ventricose, its mouth ovate, emarginate, or produced into a very short canal below. The animal has a broad head, with two tentacles, with the base of which the stalks bearing the eyes are united; the proboscis is large, and the tongue armed with teeth, which are used for the purpose of rasping substances used for food—almost any animal substance being welcome for this use—or for perforating the shells of other mollusks in order to prey upon them. There are numerous species, chiefly found on the coasts of the colder parts of the world. The coasts of the North Atlantic produce several species, of which the most abundant is the ‘common whelk’ (Buccinum undatum). It occurs from low-water mark to a depth of 600 fathoms, is sometimes three inches in length, grayish or brownish white, with numerous raised ridges and spiral striæ. On the American coast it is common as far south as Cape Cod. It is much used in Europe as an article of food.
WHETSTONE. See Hones; Abrasives.
WHET′STONE, George (1544?-87?). An English author, of a wealthy Lincolnshire fam-
