Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/579

WHITGIFT. 489 WHITMAN. In 1567 lie became master of Pembroke Hall ; in the course of the same year was appointed to the mastershi)) of Trinity ('ollcfje; and soon afterwards obtained tlie regius professorship of divinity. He was appointed Dean <if Lincoln in 1.571, Bishop of Worcester in 1377, and Ardi- bishop of Canterbury in 1583. His first work, on beconiinj.' master of Trinity, was upon a rcvisal of (lie statutes of the univer- sity. He obtained such powers for the heads of houses as enabled tlieni to eject Tlionias Cart- wright from the Lady Margaret professorship on the score of bis Calviiiistic creed. Aflpr becom- ing primate, Whitgift labored assiduously to se- cure uniforinity of discipline in the Church. He had the full confidence of Queen Elizabeth, who placed all the Church patronage of the C'rown, including the bishoprics, at his disposal, and he was armed with full powers for carrying out his design. He required the clergy to sub- scribe not only to the royal supremacy, the lit- urgy, and the Thirty-nine Articles, but also to a set of additional articles framed mainly with the view of purging the Church of Puritanism. He was made a Privy Councilor in 1586. and in that capacity drew up a set of statutes for cathedral churches, to make their services conform to the principles of the Reformation. He was offered the Chancellorship by Queen Elizabeth in 1587, but he declined the olliee. On the accession of King James he seems to have been much alarmed for the .stability of the system which he had spent bis life in rearing. Anxiety upon this ac- count is said to have hastened his end, in his palace at Lambeth, London. Being wealthy in his own name, he lived in great state and founded a magnificent hospital and a grammar school at Croydon. His works were edited by John Ayre and published by the Parker Society ( Cambridge, 1850-53). His Life was written by Sir George Paule (London, 1012) and by Strype (ib., 1718; new ed., Oxford, 1822). WHITING. A fish of the genus Merlueius, family Merluciidie, closely related to the cods, but differing among other characters in the ab- sence of a barbel on the lower Jaw. The common whiting {Merlucitis iiilfioris) is abundant in the seas of Northern Europe, and particularly on the west coasts of Great Britain, wdiere it frequently attains a weight of four pounds, although the average market fish is much lighter. It is caught chiefly by hand lines and 'long' lines, and is in high esteem for the table, and owes its name to the pearly whiteness of its flesh. In the United States the name is applied to the silver hake {Merlueius biUncaris) ; to the 'sand' or 'deep- water w-hitings' of the genus Mentieirrhus (see KiNGFisii) ; and to the harvest-fish and certain whitefish (qq.v.). WHITING. 8ee Cii.lk. WHITING, hwi'tlng. Arthur Battelle ( 1861 — ). An American musician, born at Cambridge. Mass. He studied pianoforte with W. H. Sher- wood and afterwards with Chadwick and .1. C. D. Parker, finishing at the Munich Music School un- der Rheinberger. His compositions include: liriqn- telle; Fantasy tcith Orchestra : Concert-dtude ; Valse-Caprice ; pianoforte pieces, a church ser- vice in A. songs, anthems, and organ-music. WHITING, Georoe Ei.RRinGE (1842—). An American composer and organist, born at Hpl- liston, Mass. In 1854 he became Dudley Buck's successor as organist of the North Congregational Church at Hartford, Conn., where he organized the Beethoven Society. In 1862 he went to Bos- ton, and was successively organist in several churches there. He studied, at diflerent times, with C. W. Morgan in New York, with Best in Liverpool, and with Haupt and Kadccke in Ber- lin. He taught at the New England Conserva- tory, in Boston, until 1870, was a teacher in the Cincinnati College of Music in 1879-82. and then returned to the New England Conservatory. His works include: tw'O orchestral masses with the organ (1872) : the cantatas Tale of the Viking, Dream Pictures, Lenore, March of the Monks of Ilanyor : Midnight Cantata, for solo and piano- forte; Henry of Navarre, a ballad for male chorus and orchestra ; songs; a Te Dciiin ; and Vesper ser- vices. He i)ulilislH'd '/'he Ornaiiisl (1870) and The First l<ix Months on the Organ (1871). WHITING, Lilian (1857 — ). An American journalist and author, born at Niagara Falls, N. Y. She was literary editor of the Boston Trav- eller from 1880 to 1890, was editor of the Boston Iludyel ill 1890-93, and afterwards spent several years in Europe. Her publications, several of which have attained considerable popularitv, in- clude: The World Beautiful (3 series, 1894, "l896, 1898) ; A Htudy of the Life and Character of FAizabeth Barrett Browning (1899)-; Kate Field: A Record (1899) ; The World Beautiful in Books (1901) ; and Boston Days (1902). WHITING, William Hexry Chase (1825- 65). An American soldier, born in Mississippi. He graduated first in his class at West Point in 1845; entered the army as a second lieutenant of engineers ; was employed for several years in constructing defenses and in directing internal improvements ; and was promoted to be captain in December, 1858. He resigned from the army in February. 1861, and on the outbreak of the Civil War entered the Confederate service, and as chief engineer joined the Army of the Shen- andoah, then under .losepli E. .Johnston. On July 21, 1861, during the first battle of Bull Run (q.v.), he commanded, after the death of Gen- eral Bee, the Third Brigade of .Johnston's army, whose timely arrival w^as instrumental in deter- mining the fortune of the day. In August, 1861, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-gen- eral, and in the spring of 1802 took a conspicu- ous part in the cani])aign against MeClellan. He was placed in command of the Military Dis- trict of Cape Fear, Department of North Caro- lina, in December. 1802 ; was promoted to the rank of major-general in February, 1863; com- manded a division of General Beauregard's army at Petersburg in .June. 1864; was present during both the attacks on Fort Fisher (though his subordinate. Colonel William Lamb, exercised the actual command), and in the second, on .January 15, 1865. was mortally wounded, dying as a prisoner in Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, on March 10th. WHITLOW, or Paronychia. See Felon. WHIT'MAN. A town in Phnnouth County, Mass.. 21 miles south by east of Boston, on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Massachusetts. F 3). It is primarily an industrial place, having manufactures of boots and shoes, tacks and nails, steel shanks, paper,