WHITNEY. 4it3 WHITTIER. States Geological Survey to LaUe Siipoiior, and on this expedition he began tlie study of .Sanskrit in his leisure liours. On liis retirn in the autumn of the same year lie studied Sanskrit at Yale under Salislniry. In 1850 he went to (Jer- niany and spent three winters at Berlin under A eber. the sunnuers being devoted to work under Roth at Tiibiui'en. In 1853 he returned to Anier- iea, and in 1854 was appointed to a ehair of Sanskrit and comparative philology' at Yale Col- lege, where he remained as professor until his death. The Anieriean Oriental Society owes much to him for his prolonged services as corresponding secretary, editor of the society's journal, and president. He was also first president of the American Philological Association. Among his publications are: Lunguaye and ihv Htudy of jAtiKjuiifie (1867; 4th ed. 1884) ; German Oram- vuir (Oth cd. 1888) : Oriental and JAnyuislic Studies (1872-74); The Life and Orowth of Languaye (1875); Essentials of Englis'h Gram- mar (1877) ; Sanskrit Grammar (3d ed. 1896) ; Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language (1885) ; Practical French Grammar ( 1886) ; translations with commentaries of the Si'irya Siddhanta, the Atharva Veda Prdti- Qiikhya, and the Tdittiriya Prdtifdkhya (in vols. vi., viii., and ix., of the Journal of the American Oriental Society) ; and the posthumous Trans- lation of the Atharva Veda, n-ilh Commentary ( 1904) . With Roth he edited the Atharva Veda (185G), besides which he made noteworthy con- tributions to the Sanskrit Dictionary of Bohtlingk and Roth (Saint Petersburg, 1852-76), and an Index Verborum to the Published Text of the Atharva Veda (1881). He was editor-in-chief of the Century Dictionary. A complete bibliog- raphy of his writings is given in the nineteenth volume of the Journal of the American Oriental Society (New Haven, 1897), a memorial in his honor. WHITNEY, Mount. A peak of the Sierra Nevada (q.v.), in eastern California, in about latitude 36° 35' N., and longitude 113° 17' W. (Map: California, D 3). It is the highest moun- tain in the United States, exclusive of Alaska, having an altitude of 14,898 feet. Its eastern slope, which rises nearly 11.000 feet above the valley, is very precipitous. The mountain was named for Professor josiah Dwight Whitney. WHITON, hwi'ton, James Morris (1833—). An American Congregational clergyman and au- thor. He was born in Boston, and educated at Yale, where he graduated in 1853. He was rector of the Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven ( 1854- 64), and principal of Williston Seminary, East- hampton, Mass. (1876-78). At other times he held various Congregational pastorates, in Lynn, Mass., Newark, N. J., New York City, and Ha- worth, N. .J. In 1896 he became a member of the staff of the Outlook. His principal publi- cations are an edition of select orations of Lysias (1875); Is 'Eternal' Punishment End- less? (1876); Beyond the Shadow (1884); Gloria Patri, a dialogue on the Trinity (1892) ; and Miracles and Supernatural Religion (1903) ; besides several volumes of sermons and text- books. WHIT'SITT, WiLLl/fli Heth (1841 — ). An American clergyman and educator, born near Nashville, Tenn. He graduated in 1861 at Union University, studied at Leipzig and Berlin, and in 1872 was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history in the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- nary. In 1895-99 he was president of that insti- tution. His publications include: History of the Ri.ie of Infant liaptism ( 1878) ; History of Com- munion .mong liaplisls (1880); Origin of the Disciples of Christ (1888) ; and A Question in llaplisi llislury ( 1897). WHITSUNTIDE. The English name of the season of Pentecost (q.v.). WHIT'TIEB, JonN Greenleae (1807-92). .
Amciican poet, born in Haverhill, Mass. He
was a descendant of an emigrant to New Eng- land in 1638, whose children became members of the Society of Friends. His life as a youth was spent mainly at work on his father's farm. He early showed a talent for verse and published his first poem at the age of eighteen, in the Free Press, an anti-slavery paper edited by William Lloyd Garrison. Determining to obtain a better education, he learned the art of making slippers, by which he supported himself during two terms at the Haverhill Academy (1827-28), and then for a short time taught school. In 1829 he be- came editor of the American Manufacturer, pub- lished in Boston, and from January to June of the following year was editor of the Harerhill Gazette. In July, 1830, he was made editor of the New England Review, at Hartford, Conn., a post which he held till ill health obliged him to resign in January, 1832. Here he jmblished his first volume of prose sketches and jioems. Legends of Xeiv England ( 1831 ) , and was active as a sup- porter of the great Whig, Henry Clay. On his re- turn to Haverhill he worked on his father's farm, contributed to the Haverhill Gazette, wrote Justice and Expediency (1833), an anti-slavery pamphlet, and was a delegate to the anti-slavery convention in Philadelphia, in December, 1833. He represented his district in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1835 and 1836. In 1836 he removed to Amesbury, Mass., a small town im- mediately east of Haverhill, and here he lived the greater part of his life. By this time he was well known as a leading anti-slavery man and was called upon to do a good deal of work for the movement. In 1837 he served for a few months as one of the secretaries of the Anti-Slavery So- ciety in New Y'ork, and the following year went to Philadelphia, where, until 1840, he edited the Pennsylvania Freeman. In May. 1838, his print- ing office was sacked and burned by a mob. On his return to Massachusetts he busied himself with the publication of poems designed to arouse public sentiment against slavery, and in addi- tion to these spirited lyrics he wrote many poems descriptive of simple New England life. Many poems of this sort had from time to time ap- peared from his hand, but these, publislicd in 1843 as Lays of My Home, were the first that brought him any money. He was also editor, at Lowell, Mass., for six months (1844-45), of the Middlesex Standard. In 1849 he published a volume of anti-slavery verses entitled Voices of Freedom. From 1847 to 1860, while living at Amesbury, he contributed editorial articles to the Xational Era of Washington, the anti-slavery paper in which Mrs. Stowe's Unelc Tom's Cabin first appeared, and on the establishment of the Atlantic Monthly in 1857 he became a frequent
