Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/614

WILL. 522 WILLARD. sible, and when the will is ambiguous the cir- cuiiistances surrounding its execution may be examined for the purpose of ascertaining the ';es- tatov's intention. A codicil, which is in effect a supplementary ■will, is to be construed with the will which it supplements. See Devise; Bequeath; Inteb- PBET.TIO>"; Le&acy. A will remains revocable until the time of the testator's death. The method of revocation is usually provided for by the statute giving au- tliority to make wills. " A will may be revoked by the express language of a subsequent will or by gifts made by it inconsistent with the earlier will, and generally a will may be revoked by cancellation, tearing, or burning by the tes- tator with intention to revoke it. The accidental destruction of a will does not affect its validity or efticacy if its contents can be proved. Disposi- tion of his property by the testator before his death in effect works a revocation of his will, and under the earlier statutes marriage of the tes- tator or the birth of a child revoked his will. There are now various statutory rules on this subject. For further discussion of this subject, see CoN'Ey.4>'CE ; Executor; Pebsox.l Propebty; Real Property: and the several topics above referred to. Consult Jarman on Wills. WILLAERT, vll'lart, Adrian (c.l480-15fi2) . A Flemish composer, founder of the older Vene- tian school of composition. He was born at Bruges or at Roulers, West Flanders, studied with Jean >Iouton and Josquin Depr^s, and in 1.5'16 went to Rome. In 1.527 he received^ the appointment of maestro di capella at Saint Mark's, Venice, where he established a music school. He is known as the originator of the style of writing for two choirs, the idea of which was suggested to him from the two opposed or- gans at Saint Mark's. Among his works are two masses for from four to seven voices; books of motets (1.5.39-45) ; Canzone villanesche (1545) ; madrigals: vesper-psalms; hymns; Musira nova (1559); and psalms for vespers and compline (1571). WILLAMETTE, wll-la'met. A river of west- ern Oregon. It ri-cs in the Cascade Mountains, and flows northward through a fertile and well- settled valley, emptying into the Columbia River after a course of 250 miles (ilap: Oregon, B 5). It is always navigable to Portland, about 15 miles, and by means of a canal and lock around the Willamette Falls small steamers can for the greater part of the year ascend it about 150 miles to Eugene. WIL'LARD, ..siiT()X Rollins (1858 — ). An Aiiicri<-:in art critic. He was boipi at Montpelier, Vt., and was educated at Dartmouth College and at Harvard I'niversity. He at first practiced law, but subsequently directed his attention to literature and the criticism of art. In 1805 ap- peared his first book. The Life and H'or/,- of tlir Painter Bomenico Morelli. This was followed in 1898 by The Tlixtory of Modern Italian Art, an authoritative work on the subject. For this book he received the highest recognition in Euro- pean art circles, ,"nd in 1902 was created by King Victor Emmanuel 111. a Chevalier of the Crown of Italy. The Land of the Latins appeared in 1902. WILLARD, Edward S. (1853—). An Eng- lish actor. He was born at Brighton and made his debut upon the stage at Weymouth in 1809. In ISSl he came to London, and with Wilson Barrett at the Princess Tlieatre played in The Lights o' London, The Silver Key, and other w-ell- kno«Ti pieces. In I8S6 he made a hit as Jim the Penman at the Haymarket. One of his greatest successes was his production of The Middleman, by H. A. Jones, at the Shaftesbury in 1889, he himself creating the part of Cyrus Blenkarn. The next year he produced Jones's Jiidah Llewel- lyn. He came to America in 1890 and in 1892 appeared in J. M. Barrie's The Professor's Love Story, with which he reappeared in London in 1894. His Hamlet he brought out in Boston in 1893. Among his sulisequent plays may be men- tioned Alabama (1895) and The Cardinal (1902). In 1898 his health broke down, in Chi- cago, and he was obliged to leave the stage for a short time. WILLARD, Emma C. (Hart) (1787-1870). A pioneer in the field of higher education for women, born at Berlin. Conn. In 1803 she be- came a teacher in the village school ; three years later she received a position in an academy at Westfield, Conn., but after a few weeks became principal of an academy for girls at INIiddlebury, Vt. In 1809 she married Dr. John Willard. In the same year she established at Middlebury a girls' boarding-school with improved methods of teacliing. Five years later she submitted to Gov- ernor Clinton of New York a manuscript entitled A Plan for Improving Female Education. The ideas she advanced met with favor, and in 1821 she was able to establish at Waterford. N. Y., a girls' seminary, partly supported by the State. Two years later she removed the school to Troy, where it acquired a wide reputation. Her hus- band died in 1825. but she continued to manage the institution imtil 1838, when she placed it in the hands of her son. In 1830 she made a tour in Europe, and three years later published Jour- nal and Letters from France and (Ircat Britain. The proceeds from the sale of the book she gave to a school for women that she had helped to found in Athens. Greece. In 1S3S she married Dr. Christopher C. Yates, but was divorced from him in 18413. Among her other published works are: The Woodbridpe and Willard (leographies and Atlases (1823); History of the United States (1828) ; Universal History in Perspective ( 1837) : Treatise on the Circulation of the Blood (1840); and Last JjCaves of American History (1849). In 1830 she also published a bonk of poems, of which the best known is Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep. Her Life was written by ,lohn Lord (New York, 1873). In recognition of her services to the cause of higher education for women a statue was unveiled in her honor at Troy in 1895. WILLARD, Frances Eltzareth (1830-98). An American educator and reformer, born at Cliurchville, X. Y. She gr:uluatcd at the North- western Female College at Evanston, 111., in 1850; taught in various Western towns, and in I8()('i-(i7 was principal of the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N- Y. .-Vfter two years of travel in Europe and the East, she became pro- fessor of (esthetics at Nnrtlnvestern University, and dean of the Woman's College there. In 1874 she became corresponding secretary of the