Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/796

•WYANDOT. portant tribe or confederacy of Iroquoian stock (q.v. ). The original Wyandot were known to the French as Huron; this tribe was made up of the Wyandot proper or Huron and the neighboring and cognate Tionon- tati, who probably outnumbered the Wyandot when the two tribes united in 1G50 and aban- doned their country to escape the Iroquois. When first known to the French, about 1615, the Huron occupied a narrow territory between Georgian Bay and Lake Siracoe, Ontario, Canada. They had about 20 villages and a population conser- vatively estimated at 10,000. Their numbers, however, were greatly reduced about 1G25 by smallpox and other pestilence. Adjoining them on the southwest were their kinsmen and allies, the Tionontati. On the invitation of the Huron, the French missionaries entered their country in 1623 and within a few years the Jesuit missions among the Huron became the most important in New France. The Iroquois had long been at war with the Huron and were equally hostile to the French. In 1648 began the final war, and within a year the Huron were compelled to aban- don their country and seek shelter in different directions. Most of them fled to the Tionontati, who in turn were immediately attacked bj- the Iroquois in 1649, and after a short struggle the two tribes abandoned their country and fled to- gether, first to Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron, then to Mackinaw and Green Bay, and finally to the Mississippi. Driven back by the Sioux (q.v.) , they halted for a time near the western end of Lake Superior and then returned to Mackinaw, where in 1077 they numbered about 500. In 1702 they removed to Detroit, in Lower Michi- gan^ and were followed by the missionaries. In 1723 they were formally admitted to the friend- ship of the Iroquois. In 1751 they built a new village at the present Sandusky, Ohio, and imder the name of Wyandot soon acquired a new promi- nence in the Ohio country. They took an active part with the French in the colonial wars and with the English against the Americans in the Revolution and War of 1812. At the treaty of peace in 1815 they were confirmed in possession of a large tract in Ohio and Michigan, most of which they sold three years later, reserving only two small pieces, near L'pper Sandusky, Ohio, and on the Huron River in Michigan. In 1842 they removed to Kansas and in 1867 were again removed to a small reservation in the northeast- em corner of Indian Territory, where they now reside. The evidence indicates that on the dispersion of the Huron, the larger body of those who sur- vived were incorporated with the conquering Iro- quois, and that only the smaller ]Hirtion, and these chiefly Tionontati rather than true Wyan- dot, escaped to the West or found refuge with the Frendi. In 1G56 the Huron captives among the Seneca formed a whole village by themselves, while about the same time there were known to be 1000 more among the Onondaga. In all they nuiiilKT now about SOO, divided into; lliirnns of Lorelte ((;>icl>cc. Canada), 440; Wyandots of Anderdon (Ontario, Canada), 100; and Wyandots in Indian Territory (United States), 350. Of these last not one is a fullblood. WY'ANDOTTE. A city in Wayne County, Mich., 12 miles .south-80uthw'e.st of Detroit, on the 680 WYANT. Detroit Kiver, and on the IMichigan Central, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Grand Trunk, and the Detroit Southern railroads (Map: Michigan, K 6) . It has a public library with GOOO volumes. Manufacturing is the leading indus- try, the most important establishments being chemical works, salt blocks, a steel shipbuilding plant, a trunk factory, breweries, and manufac- tories of fur coats, robos, sashes, doors, blinds, wagons, wheelbarrows, gasoline engines, etc. Under the charter of 1S9G the government is vested in a mayor, chosen annually, and a uni- cameral council. The water-works and the elec- tric-light plant are the property of the city. Wj'andotte was laid out in 1854 and was incor- porated in 1867. Population, in 1890, 3817; in 1900, 5183. WYANDOTTE (from the North American Indian tribal name ^yl|andot). A breed of do- mestic fowls in high repute for general excel- lence. It originated about 1875 from a mixture of dark Brahma, silver-spangled Hamburg, and French bred fowls, and possesses the good quali- ties of the Plymouth Rock breed, with a trifle less weight. Five varieties are recognized, dif- fering in plumage. The 'silver-laced' has a sil- very white plumage, with regularly marked white lacing on the breast and a generous distribution of white and black throughout the entire body. The cock has a silver-white head, rose comb, sil- ver haekle, with a black stripe down the centre of each feather ; back silvery white ; breast black with white centre ; tail black ; wings black, edged with white, showing a bar when folded; shanks and toes unfeathered and yellow. The 'golden' is golden-bay and black instead of white. The 'white' is white throughout, and the most prac- tical variety. The 'buff' is uniformly deep, clear buff in color, w^ith a coppery bronze tail; and the 'black' variety is wholly black with a green- ish sheen. See Fowl; consult books mentioned thereunder; and see Colored Plate of Domestic Fowls with article Poultry. WYANDOTTE, or The Hulled Knoll. A novel by .Tames Fenimore Cooper (1843). The scene is laid near Otsego Lake, N. Y. WYANDOTTE CAVE. A remarkable nat- ural formation in Crawford County, Indiana, five miles northeast of Leavenworth. It is second in size to JIammoth Cave, being about 23 miles long, and consists mainly of a series of galleries and large chambers, whose greatest height is about 250 feet and greatest widtli about 300 feet. It is remarkable for the number and beauty of its crystals, exceeding, it is said, even Mam- moth Cave in that respect. Among the most notable features are the 'Pillared Palace.' with clusters of stalactites, and the 'Monument Moun- tain,' 175 feet high, with three massive stalag- mites at its top, standing on the floor of the 'ManuMoth Hall,' 350 feet long and 245 feet high. WY'ANT, Ale.xanueb H. (1836-92). An -American landscape painter, born at Port Wash- ington, (tliio. After practicing portrait painting in Cincinnati, in 1856, he went to New York, where he came luuh'r the influence of Inness. He went abroad, studying for some years under Hans Gnde at Dinseldorf, and was much influenced by the works of Turner and Constable in London, returning to New York City in 1864. He was