Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/900

ZEA. '<'62 ■surface rises from the coast in terraces, cul- minating in the centre in Mount Saint Elias, about 17U0 feet in height. The climate is healthy, and the soil fertile. The products are wine, "fruit, barley, cotton, and silk. Attention is paid to the rearing of cattle and silkworms. Population, in 1S89, 3863. The island anciently possessed four towns, lulls, Coressia, Carthsea, and Poieessa. but there is now only one, Zea, situated on the northwest slope of the mountain, about three miles from the coast, on the site ■of the ancient lulls. Xear it is a colossal lion, and there are other less important remains of the ancient city. A few remains are also still to be foimd on the sites of the other three ancient towns. lulls was the native town of the lyric poets Simonides, 'the Cean,' and Bacchylides, and of Prodieus, the famous sophist. The har- bor of Zea, Port Saint Nicholas, about three miles from the town, admits the largest vessels, and is well frequented. ZEA. See JIaize. ZEA, sa'a, Fbaxci.sco Antonio (1770-1822). A Colombian naturalist, author, and statesman, born in Medellin and educated at Popayiln and Bogota. In the latter city he became asso- ciated with the Spanish botanist jMutis. While a ttitor of natural history in the College of San Bartolomg at Bogota he was sent to Spain and imprisoned for two years at Cadiz for his political pamphlet Los dcrcchos del nomhre (1795). He was released on condition that he should not return to his country. Upon the rec- ommendation of Mutis he was well received in scientific circles at Madrid, and was granted a pension to eontintie his studies in Paris. After his return to Madrid in 1801 he was appointed di- rector of the botanical garden, and assumed the editorship of the Semanario de Agricultura (1805) and of El Mercurio de Espai'ia. He was repeatedly reftised permission to rettirn to his native country, but finally managed to do so in 1815 as a restilt of his association with the French. With Bolivar (q.v. ) lie took an active part in the war of independence, founded the Correo del Orinoco (1818), became a member and the president of the first Constituent Assem- bly at Angostura (1819), and was elected Vice- President of Venezuela and later of the new Colombian republic (1819). In 1820 he was sent to Europe as Minister to England and France, with instructions to negotiate loans in behalf of the new (Jovernment. But his tmfa- Tniliarity with financial matters made him an easy prey of designing capitalists, and his ex- travagance was far beyond the means of the in- fant republic. So ruinous were the terms he made that his credentials were canceled, and he retired to England in disgrace. There he died, at Bath, in 1822. His publications include: Memoria sohre la qnina segun los principios de ^f litis (1800) ; Las rtiinns de la Ntiera Granada ( 1 805 ) ; Descripciin del Salto de Tequendama (1805) ; and Colombia Siendo (1822). ZEALAND, ze'lr/nd. ZEELAND, or SEE- LAND (D;in. fijwllnnd). The largest and most important island of Penmark. It lies between the Cattegat and the Baltic, and is separated by the Sound from Sweden, and by the Great Belt from Fiinen (Map: Denniiirk. E 3) . Length, 81 miles; extreme breadth, 07 miles; area, 2(!S2 square ZEBEA. miles. The surface is low and gently undulating; the coasts, which are rock-bound on the southeast, are indented by bays and fiords, the chief of which is the Roskilde-Isefiord in the north. The rivers are small, the largest being only 50 miles long, but there are several lakes. The island is exceed- ingly fertile. Agriculture and cattle-breeding are the principal employments. The chief city is Copenhagen (q.v.). Population, in 1901 (in- cluding the islands of MiJen, Amager, and other neighboring islets), 960,053. ZEALAND, Dutch ZEELAND, Zil'lant. A province of the Netherlands, occupying the southwestern region of the country, and bounded by the North Sea on the west and northwest, the provinces of South Holland and North Brabant on the northeast and east, and Belgium on the south (Map: Netherlands, B 3), The Krammer arm of the Meuse River is on the northern bor- der. Zealand consists mostly of islands, embrac- ing Schouwen, Walcheren, Tholen, and North and South Bcveland, They are formed by the estuary of the Scheldt, whose wide arms — the Hond or West Scheldt, and the Ooster Scheldt — traverse the province. Area, 690 square miles. Dikes and dunes line the borders of the province. The islands are extremely low, and for the most part farmed. Grain and vegetables are raised. There are oyster fisheries, some manufactures, and a commerce in grain. Population, in 1899, 216,295, Capital, Jliddelburg, The historic town of Flushing is in this province, ZEALOT (Gk. fTjXwrijs, zelotes, enthusiastic follower, from f/'jXos, zelos, zeal, from fffix, zecin, to boil, foam). A term applied by Luke (Luke vi, 15; Acts i, 13) to Simon, one of the twelve Apostles, probably to distinguish him from the better known Simon Peter. In the list in Matthew (x. 4) this Simon is called the Cananajan ( Kararaios ) , The two words zea- lot and Canana>an are equivalents, the former being simply the Greek translation of the Hebrew term meaning zealotts. The Zealots were a more or less closel.v organized party among the Jews, embracing the more fanatical elements of the population, whose watchword was complete po- litical independence of Roman control, Simon, previous to his discipleship, probably had some connection with this party. The details of their early history are unknown. It was their lawless violence that precipitated the great war with Rome (.,D. 66-70) which resulted in the destruc- tion of the Jewish nation. ZEBRA (.African name). The name in gen- eral of all the African striped species of the horse family (Equiihv), of which four species are usually recognized, namely the true or moun- tain zebra (Equus zebra), Burchell's zebra (Equvs Burchelli), Gravy's zebra ( Equus (Ircvyi) , and the quagga (Equus qunqga) . The last-named was only partly striped and is extinct. (See Qi'AOGA.) The 'true' zebra is now nearly ex- tinct. (See Extinct Animals.) It was an in- habitant of South Africa, and especially of moun- tainous districts, where it roved in small bands. It was the smallest of the group, .standing a trifle over four feet high at the withers, and had relatively long ears, a comparalively short mane, and a scantily haired tail. Its ground-color was white (brownish on the face), and the stripes were black, and arranged as shown on the Plate