Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/908

ZENO OF SIDON. 770 ZEPHANIAH. eral of the latter's writings, recovered at Hercu- laneum, give us the best idea of Zeno's attitude that it is possible to possess in default of his works. His additions to Epicurean philosophy concerned the nature of inductive reasoning. Cicero confirms this by his reference to him in De ^itura Deorum, where he calls him one of the most logical of the Athenian philosophers. ZENOPSIS (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Znv-, Zfn-, stem of Zfus, Zeus, Zeus, Jupiter -|- Stpa, opsis, appearance ) . A genus of small pelagic, silvery fishes of the John Dory family (ZeidiE), naked except for several bony and spinous bucklers. The single species known (Zenopsis occllatus) inhabits the North Atlantic, and is excessively rare. ZENOPSia OCELLATUS. ZE'NOS, Andkew Constantinides (1855 — ). An American biblical and classical scholar, born of Greek parents in Constantinople. He was educated at Robert College in his native city and at Princeton Universitv. He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at' Brandt, Pa., in 1881- 83, and afterwards held chairs at Lake Forest University, Hartford Theological Seminary, and the JVIeCormiek Theological Seminary, Chicago, where lie became professor of biblical theology in 1894. He issued an edition of Xenophon's .i?ia- basis (1888, with F. W. Kelsey), a translation of Socrates's Ecclesiastical Histm-tf (1890), and is the author of Elements of Higher Criticism, and a f'(jinp< ndium of Church History (1896). ZEN-SHIU, zOn-shoo' (Sinico-Japanese, from Chin. (;h'ii(in-lsuii(/, from ch'an. from Skt. dhtjana, contemplation, nifditation + Chin. Isunij. school, sect). 'J'he Japanese name of a Buddhistic sect, founded in China in A.i). .'520 by Bodhidharma, the twenty-eighth Indian and the first (^hinese Bud- dhist patriarch, and in one development of Bodhid- harnia's doctrines introduced into .Tapan in 729, and in another in 1108. Those who belong to this Kchool are known as 'Quietists' because their way of attaining to the degree of cnligldennu'nt that leads to Nirvana consists not in good works, but in 'fi.Ned contemplation.' "Look carefully within and you will fln<l the Buddha," is the central idea of the system. Bodhidharma himself is said to have sat gazing at a wall in tliis form of in- trospection for nine years, until his lower ex- tremities rotted off. There are three principal divisions of the Zen-shiu in Japan — tlie Kin-zai, Soto, and Obaku. In 1897 their temples num- bered 20.824. For the Chinese features of the sect consult Edkins. Chinese Buddhism (London, 1880), and for the Japanese, Bunyiu Xanjio, A Short History of the Ticclre Japanese Sects (Tokio, 1887), and Griflis, The Religions of ■Japan (Xew York, 1895) . ZENTA, z&n'to. A town in the County of Bftcs-Bodrog, Hungary, on the right bank of the Theiss, 120 miles south-southeast of Budapest (Jlap: Hungary, G 4). Population, in 1900, 28,588, mostly Magyars. It is celebrated for the victory of Prince EugSne over the Turks in 1697. ZEOLITES (from Gik. ihiv, ^ccin. to boil XWos, lithos, stone). A family of minerals including hydrated .silicates of alkalies or Ikaline earths, usually also containing aluminimi and sometimes magnesium. They are all soluble in acids, and most of them gelatinize in acids in consequence of the silica being liberated. Zeolites are all secondary min- erals and are found largely in cavities and fissures in basic igneous rocks such as basalt, diabase, etc., and less frequently in granite and gneiss. According to Dana, they may be divided into six groups as follows: mordenite group, including ptilo- lite and mordenite; heulandite group, in- cluding heulandite, brewsterite. and epis- tilbite : phillipsite gi'oup, including phillipsite, harmotome. stilbite, gisuiondite. laumontite, and laubanite; chabazite group, including ch.abazite, gmelinite, leynite, analcite, faujasite and eding- tonite ; natrolite group, including natrolite, scole- cite, mesolite; and thomsonite group, including thorasonite and hydronephelite. The zeolites are quite soft, ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 on the scale of hardness. Several of them, including natrolite and thomsonite, take a fine polish, and have occa- sionally been cut as gems, especially in the form of initials. When heated by means of the blow- pipe, the zeolites swell up or boil. ZEPH'ANI'AH (Heb. Scphaniinh or Sep- han;itihfi. Yahweh hides or defends). The prophet whose work is contained in the ninth l)ook of the Jlinor Prophets. Nothing is known of him personally except that he was the de- scendant in the fourth generation of Hezekiah, and, since this name is not common, it has been supposed by some, without distinct historical warrant, that this Hezekiah was the King of Judah. Zephaniah is said to have prophesied in the reign of Josiah. King of Judah (c.(i39-(>08 B.C.). From Ihc allusions to political events and social conditions in the book it iijijicars that the prophet's activity must have fallen before the Beformation in .Tosiah's eighteenth year. (See .To.siAii.) The book may be divided into three parts: (a) Chapter i., containing an announce- ment of a general destruction of the world, which, however, is directed more particularly against the idolaters and apostates in .Jerusalem and Judah. (b) In the second part (ii. 1-iii. 7) the prophet urges to repentance as the only means of escaping the threatened doom, which will bring destruction also to the Philistines, to Moab, Anunon. Ethiopia, and even to Assyria.