to proclaim their ultimate value and possibilities. But while
the first stage of artistic development is yet uncompleted, it
appears that behind the deceptive simplicity of Negro song lie
the richest undeveloped musical resources anywhere available.
Thematically rich, in idiom of rhythm and harmony richer
still, in potentialities of new musical forms and new technical
traditions so deep as to be accessible only to genius, they have
the respect of the connoisseur even while still under the sentimental and condescending patronage of the amateur. Proper
understanding and full appreciation of the Spirituals, in spite
of their present vogue, is still rare. And the Negro himself
has shared many of the common and widespread limitations of
view with regard to them. The emotional intuition which has
made him cling to this folk music has lacked for the most part
that convinced enlightenment that eventually will treasure the
Spirituals for their true musical and technical values. And although popular opinion and the general conception have
changed very materially, a true estimate of this body of music
cannot be reached until many prevailing preconceptions are
completely abandoned. For what general opinion regards as
simple and transparent about them is in technical ways, though
instinctive, very intricate and complex, and what is taken as
whimsical and child-like is in truth, though naïve, very profound.
It was the great service of Dr. Du Bois in his unforgettable chapter on the Sorrow Songs in The Souls of the Black Folk to give them a serious and proper social interpretation, just as later Mr. Krehbiel in his Afro-American Folk Songs gave them their most serious and adequate musical analysis and interpretation. The humble origin of these sorrow songs is too indelibly stamped upon them to be ignored or overlooked. But underneath broken words, childish imagery, peasant simplicity, lies, as Dr. Du Bois pointed out, an epic intensity and a tragic profundity of emotional experience, for which the only historical analogy is the spiritual experience of the Jews and the only analogue, the Psalms. Indeed they transcend emotionally even the very experience of sorrow out of which they were born; their mood is that of religious exal-
