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Abdu 4 A.bdn Abdul-Kadir, a resident of Devi, a village in the district of Lakhnau. From the Jami'-ut-Tawarikh of Eashid- uddin he translated that portion which is called the book of Patanjal, into easy Persian, at the request of Major Herbert in May 1823. It is a collection of aU the sciences, and one of the most valuable works of the sages of Hind. It contains an account of their various ^sects, and the history of their ancient kings,also the life of Sakyamuni. Abdul-Kahir Jurjani (Shaikh), i^^^'^^'^^' '^^ son of 'Abdur-Eahm&n, was the author of the book called " Dalail-ul-I'jaz," and several other works. He died in 1081 A. D., 474 A. H. Abdul- Karim, surnamed Imam-uddin Abul- Kasim, author of the " Sharh Kabir" and " Shark Saghir". Abdul-Karim bin-Muhammad al-Hamadani, author of a Persian Commentary on the Sirajiya of Saja- wandf, entitled " Faraiz-ut-Taji Sharh Faraiz-is-Siraji". Abdul-Karim Sindhi (MuUa), ^j/^t -^^f a native of Sindh who served under Khwaja Mahmud Gawan in the Dakhin, and was living about the year 1481 A. D., 886 A. H. He is the author of the history of Sultan Mahmud Bahmani, entitled " Tarikh-i-Mahmud- Shahi. Abdul-Karim, a native of Dihli, who accompanied Nadir Shah to Persia, and wrote a history of that conqueror about the year 1754 A. D., 1168 A. H., entitled " Bayan- i-Waki' ". Regarding this work, vide Dowson, Elliot's History of India, VIII, 124.] 'Abdul-Karim, Mir, of Bukhara, who died at Constanti- nople about 1246 H. (1830 A. D.) He is the author of a history of Afghanistan and Turkistan (1740 to 1818 A. D.), translated into French by C. Schefer, Paris, 1876.] 'Abdul-Karim, Munshi, who died about tliirty years ago. He is the author of the Tdnkh-i- Ahmad, a history of Ahmad Shah Durrani and his successors. The Persian text was lithographed in 1266, and an Urdu translation under the title of Wdki' dt-i-Buri-dnz was issued at Kanh- piir in 1292 H. (1875 A. D.) 'Abdul-Karim also wrote a larger work, entitled Muhdraha-i-Kabul o Kandahar, (1265 H.) which contains the heroic deeds of Akbar Khan, son of Dost Muhammad Khan, and is chiefly based on the Akbar-nama written in verse by Munshi Kasim Jan ; and the Tdnkh-i-Panjdb tuhfatan Ul-ahbdb, (A. H. 1265) on the Sikh wars.] 'Abdul- Kuddus Gangohi (Shaikh) u-J*^^' a native of Gangoh, near Dihli', was a descendant of Abu-Hanifa of Kufa, and a famous saint of India. He died on the 27th November, 1537 A. D., 23rd Jumada II, 944 A. H., the chronogram of the year of his death being " Shaikh-i-ajall." His grandson Shaikh 'Abdun-Nabi held a high post in the reign of Akbar, but was subsequently imprisoned and murdered. 'Abdullah, i-Jlk^Ji '>i^^^) *W( liA^^ the father of Muhammad the Prophet, was a younger son of 'Abdul-Muttalib the son of Hashim. He was remarkable for his beauty, and though a driver of camels, he is said to have possessed such merits, that his hand was solicited in marriage by the fairest and the most virtuous of the women of his tribe. He was so universally admired, that on the night of his nuptials one hundred young females expired in despair. His wife Amina, though long barren, at last became the mother of Muham- mad. ' AbduUah died during the lifetime of his father, eight days (some say eight years) after the birth of his son, and left his widow and infant son in very mean circum- stances, his whole substance consisting of only five camels and one female Ethiopian slave. 'Abdul-Muttalib, his father, was therefore obliged to take care of his grandson Muhammad, which he did and at his death enjoined his eldest son Abu-Talib to provide for him for the fature. 'Abdullah died about the year 571 A. D. 'Abdullah bin-'Ali al-Halabi, was one of the first writers on Shi' a jurisprudence, as he was amongst the ear- liest compilers of the traditions of that sect. It does not appear that any of his legal compositions are extant. 'Abdullah, «.2^t jj *JJ|<j.a£^ son of Rawaha, was an T^abian poet who signalized himself in arms as well as poetrv. He became an associate of Muhammad and was sent with the army, of which Zaid was the chief, against the Greeks, and was killed at Muta in Syria with Zaid and Ja'far the brother of 'AH, in 629 A. D., 8 H. 'Abdullah son of Zubair,^j>J3 (^j aJUtiXAc, was the first Musalman born at Madi'na amongst those who were called 'Muhajirin', that is to say, fugitives from Mecca. After the battle of Karbala in 680 A. D., in which Husain the son of 'AH was slain, the inhabitants of Mecca and Madina, perceiving that Yazfd did aU that lay in his power to suppress the house of 'AH, made an insurrection against Yazfd, the second khalifa of the house of Umayya, and proclaimed 'Abdullah khali'fa in the city of Mecca. The Musalmans of Syria also, after the death of Yazid and Mu'&.wiya the 2nd, acknowledged him for the space of 128 days, after which time Marwan the son of Hakam was proclaimed khalifa in the city of Damascus. 'Abd- ullah still remaining in the city of Mecca, was besieged there in 691 A. D., 72 A. H., by Hajjaj, general of the khalifa 'Abdul-Malik. The siege lasted 8 months and 17 days, after which 'Abdullah made a sally upon the enemy, destroj^ed a great number of them with his own hand, and was at length killed fighting valiantly in 692 A. D., 73 A. H. His head was cut off, and sent to the khali'fa 'Abdul-Malik. 'Abdullah, jj-s^* >>jks:, son of Mas'ud, companion of Muhammad. He died in 652 A. D., 32 A. H. 'Abdullah, U^^ son of 'Abbas the uncle of Muhammad, was distinguished as a teacher of the sacred book. Before he was ten years of age, he is said to have received inspii'ation from the angel Gabriel. He was born in 619 A. D., three years before the Hijra (622), and was considered the ablest interpreter of the Kuran then in existence. He was appointed governor of Basra by the khalifa 'AH, and remained there for some time. He then returned to Hijaz, and died at Tajaf, a town lying 60 miles eastward of Mecca, in 687 A. D., 68 A. H., aged 70 years. His mother Umm-ul-Fazl was the sister of Maimuna, one of the wives of Muhammad. 'Abdullah,^* ^jj dJJt •iJ'-c, son of 'Umar the second kha- lifa after Muhammad, was one of the most learned Arabians amongst the contemporaries of Muhammad. He died in 692 A. D., 73 A. H. He is famous for his Hberality. 'Abdullah, t>o_)J ^} son of Yazi'd, was celebrated as a lawyer in the 7th century. He was the disciple of Abu-Huraii'a and Abu-'Abbas, companions of Muhammad, and lived till the hundredth year of the Hijra, or 718 A. D., 100 A. H. 'Abdullah, (^j aUi ^ac, the son of 'AH, son of 'Abdullah, son of 'Abbas, the uncle of Muhammad, was the uncle of the first two khalifas of the Abbasides, viz., Abul-'Abbas al-Saffah and Al-Mansur, under whom he served as general against the khalifa Marwan, and hav- ing vanquished that prince, proclaimed his nephew Al- Saffah. He was guilty of horrible cruelties on the family of the Ommaides. When his eldest nephew died, his brother Al-Mansur took upon him the government, which displeased 'Abdullah so much, that he raised an army against him, but was defeated and afterwards perfidiously murdered in 754 A. D., 137 A. H.